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b)  all engineering and conformity inspections have been completed and the modified product has been found to meet all pertinent requirements, and
c)  in the case of aircraft, the modified aircraft has been test flown, as required, and found to comply with all the performance requirements of the pertinent airworthiness standards.
5.4.5.2  Withholding approval of the modification
There may exist a situation, although rare, where an applicant successfully demonstrated, and the ACD found, compliance with the certification basis but a known or suspected feature makes the modified aeronautical product unsafe, taking into account the category in which certification was requested. Notwithstanding the entitlement of the applicant for an approval, the ACD has a responsibility under Annex 8, Part II, 1.3.3 to withhold the approval or issuance of an approval for an aircraft if it is known or suspected to have developed unsafe features after the modification, that are not specifically guarded against by the certification basis. The modification approval shall be denied if the applicant fails to correct the unsafe feature.
5.4.5.3  Issuance of approval
5.4.5.3.1 Most Contracting States will grant approval of a major modification using one of the three forms of approval below, provided the proposed modification is not so extensive as to require a new Type Certificate (see Section 5.3 above, Modification Categories). Depending on the applicant’s eligibility, the form of approval for the proposed modification is usually indicated by the applicant at the time of application (see Section 5.2.2 abov, Applicant Eligibility). Also, a majority of Contracting States grant approval of minor modifications using a less formal process, as a way of expediting the approval process for modifications that do not necessarily rise to the complexity and demand for resources like those of major modifications. Annex 8 does not specify the exact form for recording an approval of a modification, but the formal practice by most States is to record the approval through an amendment of a Type Certificate or to issue a document called Supplemental Type Certificate (STC). Regardless, all three forms of approval fulfill the requirements of Annexes 6 and 8, that the State of Design or a State of Registry approve the modification. The only difference between these approvals is the form by which the approval is recorded. Note, however, that some States of Registry may only accept or recognize, for their purpose, a foreign modification that was approved using an amended Type Certificate or STC.
a)  Amendment of a Type Certificate. Approval of design changes made by the holder of a Type Certificate. An amendment of a Type Certificate retains the holder’s overall responsibility for the type design of an aircraft, engine or propeller, both as approved under the initial Type Certificate and as modified. Common examples of design changes leading to an amendment of a Type Certificate may be the addition of a new model designation or derivative of an aircraft, engine or propeller, the revision of operating conditions or limitations listed in the Type Certificate data sheet, or changes to aircraft passenger or cabin configuration.
b)  Supplemental Type Certificate. A Supplemental Type Certificate is an approval of a major modification covering those areas or aspects of an aeronautical product that were modified. Together, the Supplemental Type Certificate and the relevant Type Certificate constitute the approved type design for a modified aircraft, engine, or propeller. It should be noted that an aeronautical product that does not have a Type Certificate can not be issued a modification approval under a Supplemental Type Certificate (examples are appliances, parts, components, instruments). Further, a Supplemental Type Certificate should not be issued for approval of minor modifications, or approval of replacement parts or repair, unless its installation represents a modification. Appendix B provides a sample Supplemental Type Certificate form.
　
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