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The approval holder remains responsible for the continued integrity of the repair design and it or its representative must continue to be the aircraft operator’s contact point for resolving continuing airworthiness issues related to the design. To fulfill this responsibility, the holder should have the continued capability, or access to a capability, of providing technical solutions when service difficulties warrant it, or when a State of Registry requires mandatory corrective action. If the approval holder is outside the jurisdiction of the State of Registry and corrective action is needed, assistance should be requested from the CAA of the approval holder.
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PART IV.—  ANNEX 6 OPERATIONS OF AIRCRAFT,
SUPPORTING GUIDANCE MATERIAL

CHAPTER 1.—  AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE –
AIRWORTHINESS ASPECTS

1.1 General
1.1.1 A well established method by which the State of the Operator may exercise the necessary control of its operators is through the issuance of an Air Operator Certificate (AOC). The award of an AOC constitutes certification by the State of the Operator that specified operations are authorized in compliance with applicable regulations and rules. Through the issuance of an AOC, the State of the Operator can ensure the protection of the public interest and exercise indirect influence and control upon the major aspects of the operation without encroaching upon the operator’s direct responsibility for its safety. Detailed guidance on the establishment of a State system for the initial certification of operators and the subsequent surveillance of operations is contained in ICAO’s Manual of Procedures for Operations Inspection, Certification and Continued Surveillance (Doc 8335). The material contained in the present Chapter and in Part IV, Chapter 4 (Approval of Maintenance Organizations) is to be used in conjunction with Doc 8335 to amplify the airworthiness aspects of operator certification and surveillance procedures. In some instances, certain material contained in Doc 8335 has been repeated herein for the sake of clarity.
1.1.2 Annex 6, Part I, 4.2.1.3 and Part III, Section II, 2.2.1.4 state:
“The issue of an air operator certificate or equivalent document by the State of the Operator shall be dependent upon the operator demonstrating an adequate organization, method of control and supervision of flight operations, training programme as well as ground handling and maintenance arrangements consistent with the nature and extent of the operations specified.”
In making the “maintenance arrangements” referred to above, operators are required to ensure that the aircraft they operate are maintained in an airworthy condition. Annex 6, Part I, 8.1.2 and Part III, Section II, 6.1.2 require that an aircraft shall not be operated unless it is maintained and released to service by an approved maintenance organization or under an equivalent system.
1.1.3  Operators may have an approved maintenance organization as part of their organization or the maintenance may be contracted to one or more maintenance organizations approved for the purpose. The approval of the maintenance organization shall be acceptable to the State of Registry of the operator’s aircraft. In issuing the AOC, the State of the Operator will have to be satisfied as to the actions of the State of Registry in granting the approval of the maintenance organization, maintenance programme and setting the standards for the continuing airworthiness of the operator’s aircraft. For States which have ratified Article 83bis, the State of Registry may transfer some or all of its responsibilities for the airworthiness aspects for the issuance of an AOC to the State of the Operator. (Refer to Doc 8335, Chapter 10 and to Part V of this manual, for information on lease, charter and interchange.)
1.1.4 Procedures for operator certification and surveillance should normally take the sequence of:
　
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