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Approach."
CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF- ATC authorization for an aircraft to depart. It is predicated
on known traffic and known physical airport conditions.
CLEARED TO LAND- ATC authorization for an aircraft to land. It is predicated on known
traffic and known physical airport conditions.
COMPASS LOCATOR- A low power, low or medium frequency (L/MF) radio beacon
installed at the site of the outer or middle marker of an instrument landing system (ILS). It
can be used for navigation at distances of approximately 15 miles or as authorized in the
approach procedure.
a. Outer Compass Locator (LOM)- A compass locator installed at the site of the outer
marker of an instrument landing system.
b. Middle Compass Locator (LMM)- A compass locator installed at the site of the middle
marker of an instrument landing system.
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE- An airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic
control service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace
classification.
Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and
Class E airspace.
Controlled airspace is also that airspace within which all aircraft operators are subject to
certain pilot qualifications, operating rules, and equipment requirements in 14 CFR Part 91
(for specific operating requirements, please refer to 14 CFR Part 91). For IFR operations in
any class of controlled airspace, a pilot must file an IFR flight plan and receive an appropriate
ATC clearance. Each Class B, Class C, and Class D airspace area designated for an airport
contains at least one primary airport around which the airspace is designated (for specific
designations and descriptions of the airspace classes, please refer to 14 CFR Part 71).
Controlled airspace in the United States is designated as follows:
Radar Contact Glossary
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 281
 CLASS A- Generally, that airspace from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL 600,
including the airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles of the coast of the
48 contiguous States and Alaska. Unless otherwise authorized, all persons must
operate their aircraft under IFR.
 CLASS B- Generally, that airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding
the nation's busiest airports in terms of airport operations or passenger boardings. The
configuration of each Class B airspace area is individually tailored and consists of a
surface area and two or more layers (some Class B airspaces areas resemble upsidedown
wedding cakes), and is designed to contain all published instrument procedures
once an aircraft enters the airspace. An ATC clearance is required for all aircraft to
operate in the area, and all aircraft that are so cleared receive separation services
within the airspace. The cloud clearance requirement for VFR operations is "clear of
clouds."
 CLASS C- Generally, that airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport
elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control
tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and that have a certain number of IFR
operations or passenger boardings. Although the configuration of each Class C area is
individually tailored, the airspace usually consists of a surface area with a 5 nautical
mile (NM) radius, an outer circle with a 10 NM radius that extends from 1,200 feet to
4,000 feet above the airport elevation and an outer area. Each person must establish
two-way radio communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic services
prior to entering the airspace and thereafter maintain those communications while
within the airspace. VFR aircraft are only separated from IFR aircraft within the
airspace.
 CLASS D- Generally, that airspace from the surface to 2,500 feet above the airport
elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control
tower. The configuration of each Class D airspace area is individually tailored and
when instrument procedures are published, the airspace will normally be designed to
contain the procedures. Arrival extensions for instrument approach procedures may
be Class D or Class E airspace. Unless otherwise authorized, each person must
establish two-way radio communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic
services prior to entering the airspace and thereafter maintain those communications
while in the airspace. No separation services are provided to VFR aircraft.
 CLASS E- Generally, if the airspace is not Class A, Class B, Class C, or Class D, and
it is controlled airspace, it is Class E airspace. Class E airspace extends upward from
　
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