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Introduction
ATC (Air Traffic Control) is not something to be taken lightly. On the contrary, if it were not
for ATC, modern day air traffic with all its intensity, safety, and organizational handling
would be impossible. You can imagine this is an enormous task. That is why ATC is a generic
name for a series of services that Air Traffic Controllers provide. In this chapter, we will
describe these services for you, and tell you how Radar Contact implements them.
The developers have done their utmost to make this as realistic as possible, short of going
through a three year curriculum. With input from our international beta team, RC implements
many critical worldwide ATC procedures making it the most versatile, accommodating
software available.
Separation Minima and Traffic Calls
Beginning year 2005, RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum) was implemented in
the United States adding six usable flight levels available for cruise (FL300, 320, 340, 360,
380 and 400). The RVSM checkbox (RC‟s Controller Info) is checked by default. Uncheck
it to operate without RVSM (optional). RVSM incorporates the following separation
minimums:
Altitude Lateral Separation Vertical Separation
Surface to FL410 5 miles 1000 ft. above or below
FL430 and higher 5 miles 2000 ft. above or below
FL420, 440, 460 etc. Unusable Altitudes
Be sure to dial your altimeter to 29.92 when in the PCA or "Positive Control Airspace" and do
not forget to reset to the local altimeter when descending back below the PCA. Do not bust
your assigned altitude or we will both be talking to FSDO (Flight Standards District Office).
In Europe and other non-FAA controlled areas, the altimeter needs to be set to 1013mb above
the Transition Altitude. Descending through the Transition Level, set the altimeter to the
local pressure.
In your climb, cruise, or descent you will be notified of other IFR aircraft in your proximity
via "Traffic Calls". The FAA requires controllers to make these calls when you have traffic
crossing at minimum vertical separation. Controllers are there to guarantee absolute and
consistent separation from other IFR traffic.
Although controllers will make all the IFR traffic calls and as many VFR traffic calls as he
sees targets, there is no guarantee he is seeing all the VFRs out there! You would be surprised
the number of times controllers have heard "Center, we need to know what is going on! A
Skyhawk just passed within 100 feet!" Not all aircraft have transponders. Not all aircraft have
Mode C, so keep your Right Seat‟s nose pointed out the window until you are safely in the
PCA (VFR flight is not permitted in the PCA).
Radar Contact ATC Basics
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 38
ATC Airspace Structure
With few exceptions, the airspace of the Air Traffic Control system is comprised of many
hundreds of Terminal Areas, usually at large airports. Terminal Airspace encompasses the
airspace 40 miles around the airport from the ground up to and including 150. Outside
Terminal Airspace lies Center (ARTCC) Airspace structured as follows:
Varying levels of ATC Service
RC no longer subscribes to the “all or nothing” format; “All Terminal Controllers”, or “none
at all”. This is a huge leap in realism.
RC uses a database which provides the realistic ATC service levels, for your departure and
arrival fields, your alternate airports or any change of destination (COD) field. Now, far more
realistic than previous versions, you may find your arrival airport has no Approach controller,
but does have Tower and Ground services. Or, a field may provide radar service but there are
no Tower or Ground controllers.
This information is automatically preset after you choose your .pln or .apl flight plans. What
controllers can be expected to be where, can be viewed on the Controller Info within the
program. You are welcome to make changes, or leave your controller checkboxes default.
You may change the frequency for a given controller, or add a departure controller because
you wish to use the Departure Procedure(s) feature, or simulate EHAM, KJFK as fully
uncontrolled fields.
IMPORTANT NOTE - If an airport has an Approach controller, that field will have a
Departure controller as well. You cannot select one without the other. If an airport
has a Tower controller, the Ground controller field is populated.
As an example, choose a flight plan then click the Controller‟s Info button. You see several
“Controller” options along the left header. These fields are automatically (and realistically)
“checked”.
Radar Contact ATC Basics
　
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