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with regulations may not be sufficient to guarantee safety.
Rules and regulations are designed to address known or
suspected conditions detrimental to safety, but there is always
the probability that some new combination of circumstances
not contemplated by the regulations will arise.
8-2
Figure 8-1. Teaching tips from veteran flight instructors.
Teaching Tips from Veteran Flight Instructors
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Use a tape recorder and/or video camera to rehearse preflight briefings until delivery is polished.
Find a mentor to provide a second opinion on how well a student is performing during critical phases of flight training (such as
first solo) for the first few PTs.
Encourage a high standard of performance.
Just because it’s legal, doesn’t make it safe. Maintain a high level of supervision of PT operations.
Develop a safety-culture environment.
Assign organized, specific, appropriate homework after each flight session.
Use all available tools to supplement teaching and assignments: online sources, seminars, flight simulators, etc.
Know the background, credentials, security issues, medications, etc., of the student before climbing into the cockpit with him
or her.
Thoroughly and carefully document all training events as though the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) were going
to read them.
Postflight debriefing after an FAA checkride is an excellent opportunity for additional learning.
Encourage each student to establish personal minimums.
Include a review of NTSB accident reports during advanced instructional activity.
The recognition of aviation training and flight operations
as a system led to a “system approach” to aviation safety.
Since flight instructors are a critical part of the aviation safety
system, this chapter introduces system safety—aeronautical
decision-making (ADM), risk management, situational
awareness, and single-pilot resource management (SRM)—in
the modern flight training environment. It also provides
methods flight instructors can teach students to use practical
risk management tools and discusses how to evaluate student
decision-making. The chapter begins with practical strategies
flight instructors can use to enhance their instruction, the
demonstration-performance training delivery method of flight
instruction, integrated flight instruction, positive exchange
of flight controls, use of distractions, obstacles to learning
encountered during flight training, and how to evaluate
students. After an intensive look at ADM, it closes with a
discussion of CFI recommendations and endorsements.
Flight Instructor Qualifications
A CFI must be thoroughly familiar with the functions,
characteristics, and proper use of all flight instruments,
avionics, and other aircraft systems being used for training.
This is especially important due to the wide variety in global
positioning systems (GPS) and glass panel displays.
It is the personal responsibility of each flight instructor to
maintain familiarity with current pilot training techniques
and certification requirements. This may be done by frequent
review of new periodicals and technical publications, personal
contacts with FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners
(DPE), and by participation in pilot and flight instructor
clinics. Additional information can be obtained from veteran
flight instructors. [Figure 8-1] The application of outmoded
instructional procedures or the preparation of students using
obsolete certification requirements is inexcusable.
Practical Flight Instructor Strategies
During all phases of flight training, CFIs should remember
they are role models for the student. The flight instructor
should demonstrate good aviation sense at all times:
• Before the flight—discuss safety and the importance
of a proper preflight and use of the checklist.
• During flight—prioritize the tasks of aviating,
navigating, and communicating. Instill importance
of “see and avoid” in the student.
8-3
Figure 8-2. The assignment of impossible or unreasonable goals
discourages the student, diminishes effort, and retards the learning
process.
I said 3,000 feet...
not 2,990!
• During landing—conduct stabilized approaches,
maintain desired airspeed on final, demonstrate good
judgment for go-arounds, wake turbulence, traffic,
and terrain avoidance. Use ADM to correct faulty
　
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