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to communicate it effectively.
• The two-way process of effective communication
means actively listening to the student, as well as
teaching him or her.
In the previous scenario, Bob uses the guided group
discussion period to listen to his students discuss the weight
and balance problem. By listening to their discussion and
questions, he can pinpoint problem areas and explain them
more fully during the review of the solved problem.
People skills also include the ability to interact respectfully
with students, pick up when students are not following along,
motivate students to learn, and adapt to the needs of the
student when necessary. Another important people skill used
by effective instructors is to challenge students intellectually
while supporting their efforts to learn. Effective instructors
also display enthusiasm for their subject matter and express
themselves clearly. The willingness to look for ways to
match student learning styles to personal instructional style
is another element of effective instruction.
Subject Matter Expertise
A subject matter expert (SME) is a person who possesses
a high level of expertise, knowledge, or skill in a particular
area. For example, the instructor in the opening scenario is
an aviation maintenance SME.
Effective instructors are not only knowledgeable about
aviation, they are also knowledgeable about teaching. As
mentioned earlier, possession of a high level of technical
knowledge does not equate to the ability to teach it. An
effective instructor possesses a strong motivation to teach,
as well as a positive attitude toward learning. Research into
how people learn has been ongoing for almost one hundred
years. This handbook is a compilation of that research and
is designed to help aviation instructors become experts in
the field of education.
4-3
Figure 4-2. An effective instructor uses a variety of tools to evaluate
how students learn, as well as what they know.
Evaluation
Knowledge Tests
Performance Tests
Oral Quizzes
Effective instructors have a sincere interest in learning and
professional growth. There are a number of professional
development opportunities for aviation instructors, such as
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) seminars, industry
conventions, professional organizations, and online classes.
Networking with and observing other instructors to learn
new strategies is also helpful. By being a lifelong learner,
the aviation professional remains current in both aviation
and education. This topic is explored more thoroughly in
Chapter 9, Professional Development.
Management Skills
Management skills generally include the ability to plan,
organize, lead, and supervise. For the effective instructor,
these skills are reflected in the ability to plan, organize,
and carry out a lesson. A well-planned lesson means the
instructor is also practicing time management skills and
ensures the time allocated for the lesson is well used. As
discussed in Chapter 1, Human Behavior, the average age of
aviation students is 34 years old. Unlike younger students,
no law requires they attend school, they are paying for the
training, and they expect the instructor to make wise use of
their time.
To manage time well, it is important that an instructor look
at the time available and plan how to use the time to achieve
the lesson goals. An effective instructor understands what
can be realistically achieved within the allotted time, makes
the best use of the time available, allows enough time for
what must be done, preserves contingency time to handle
the unexpected, and minimizes stress by not planning too
much for the allotted time.
Management skills also come into play for the aviation
instructor who is teaching a class of students. For this
instructor, effective management of the classroom promotes
learning. Consider the opening scenario in which Bob arrived
early for the class and ensured the classroom was well lit,
the desks in order, and that the room presented a neat overall
appearance. He also made sure the computer and projector
were in working order. These steps contribute to a positive
learning environment.
Another management skill that enhances the effectiveness
of aviation instructors is supervision of the students. For
the flight instructor, this may entail overseeing the preflight
procedures. For the maintenance instructor, this may mean
monitoring the replacement of a carburetor. While it is
important to provide hands-on tasks in the lesson plan to
engage students in active learning, it is also important to
　
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