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Index of Learning Styles (ILS) .................................2-18
Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic Learners (VAK) .......2-19
Superlinks .................................................................2-19
Summary ..................................................................2-19
Acquiring Skill Knowledge .........................................2-20
Stages of Skill Acquisition .......................................2-20
Cognitive Stage .....................................................2-20
Associative Stage ..................................................2-20
Automatic Response Stage ..................................2-20
Knowledge of Results ..............................................2-21
How To Develop Skills ...........................................2-21
Types of Practice ..........................................................2-22
Deliberate Practice .................................................2-22
Blocked Practice .......................................................2-22
Random Practice ......................................................2-22
Evaluation Versus Critique ..........................................2-23
Overlearning of Knowledge ....................................2-23
Application of Skill ..................................................2-24
Summary of Instructor Actions ................................2-24
Putting It All Together ................................................2-24
Multitasking ............................................................2-24
Attention Switching .............................................2-24
Simultaneous Performance ..................................2-25
Learning To Multitask .............................................2-25
Distractions and Interruptions ..................................2-25
Fixation and Inattention ..........................................2-26
How To Identify Fixation or Inattention Problems ..2-26
Scenario-Based Training .............................................2-26
The Learning Route to Expertise .............................2-27
Cognitive Strategies .............................................2-27
Problem-Solving Tactics .....................................2-27
Awareness of Existence of Unknowns .....................2-27
Summary of Instructor Actions ...............................2-27
Errors ...........................................................................2-28
Kinds of Error ..........................................................2-28
Slip ........................................................................2-28
Mistake .................................................................2-28
Reducing Error ........................................................2-28
Learning and Practicing .......................................2-28
Taking Time .........................................................2-28
Checking for Errors .............................................2-29
Using Reminders ..................................................2-29
Developing Routines ...........................................2-29
Raising Awareness ...............................................2-29
Error Recovery ........................................................2-29
Learning From Error ...............................................2-29
Summary of Instructor Actions ................................2-29
Motivation ...................................................................2-29
Where Does the Motivation To Learn Come
From? ......................................................................2-31
Student Questionnaire ..............................................2-31
Maintaining Motivation ..............................................2-31
Rewarding Success ..................................................2-31
Presenting New Challenges .....................................2-31
Drops in Motivation ................................................2-32
Summary of Instructor Actions ...............................2-32
Memory ........................................................................2-32
Sensory Memory .....................................................2-32
Short-Term Memory (STM) .....................................2-32
Long-Term Memory (LTM) .....................................2-33
Remembering What Has Been Learned ...................2-34
How Usage Affects Memory ...................................2-34
Forgetting .................................................................2-34
Retrieval Failure ...................................................2-34
Fading ...................................................................2-34
Interference ...........................................................2-35
　
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