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Human Nature and Motivation ......................................1-5
Human Factors That Inhibit Learning ............................1-6
Defense Mechanisms ..................................................1-6
Repression ...............................................................1-6
Denial .....................................................................1-7
Compensation .........................................................1-7
Projection ................................................................1-7
Rationalization ........................................................1-7
Reaction Formation ................................................1-7
Fantasy ....................................................................1-7
Displacement ..........................................................1-7
Student Emotional Reactions ........................................1-8
Anxiety .......................................................................1-8
Normal Reactions to Stress ........................................1-9
Abnormal Reactions to Stress ....................................1-9
Flight Instructor Actions Regarding Seriously
Abnormal Students .....................................................1-9
Teaching the Adult Student .........................................1-10
Chapter Summary ........................................................1-10
Chapter 2
The Learning Process .........................................2-1
Introduction ....................................................................2-1
The First Flight ..........................................................2-1
The Check Ride ..........................................................2-1
Discussion of First Flight and Check Ride .................2-2
What Is Learning? .....................................................2-2
The Framework for Learning .....................................2-2
Learning Theory ............................................................2-2
Behaviorism ...............................................................2-3
Cognitive Theory ........................................................2-3
Information Processing Theory ..............................2-4
Constructivism .......................................................2-4
Perceptions .....................................................................2-6
Factors That Affect Perception ..................................2-7
Physical Organism ..................................................2-7
Goals and Values ...................................................2-7
Self-Concept ...........................................................2-7
Time and Opportunity .............................................2-7
Element of Threat ..................................................2-7
Insight ............................................................................2-8
Acquiring Knowledge ...................................................2-8
Memorization ............................................................2-8
Understanding ...........................................................2-9
Concept Learning ......................................................2-9
Thorndike and the Laws of Learning ...........................2-10
Readiness ..................................................................2-10
Effect ........................................................................2-11
Exercise ....................................................................2-11
Primacy .....................................................................2-11
Intensity ....................................................................2-11
Recency ....................................................................2-11
Domains of Learning ...................................................2-12
Cognitive Domain ....................................................2-12
Affective Domain .....................................................2-14
Psychomotor Domain ...............................................2-15
Summary of Instructor Actions ...............................2-15
Table of Contents
viii
Characteristics of Learning ..........................................2-15
Learning Is Purposeful .............................................2-16
Learning Is a Result of Experience ..........................2-16
Learning Is Multifaceted ..........................................2-17
Learning Is an Active Process ..................................2-17
Learning Styles ............................................................2-17
Right Brain/Left Brain .............................................2-18
Holistic/Serialist Theory .........................................2-18
　
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