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good deal of air and is said to be aerated. This air must be removed by a process called deaeration.
aerial (aeronautical). A term having to do with the air or with aircraft. It is used in such terms as aerial
photography, aerial mapping, or aerial refueling.
aerial (radio communications). A term used for a radio antenna.
aerial photography. The business of taking pictures from aircraft in flight. There are two basic types of
aerial photography: oblique and vertical.
Vertical photography is used for mapping. In this process, the aircraft is flown at a high altitude,
and special cameras take pictures of the terrain directly below the aircraft.
Oblique photography, in which hand-held cameras are used to take pictures of objects on the
ground, is used for news photography and advertising. Doors or windows are usually removed from the
aircraft used for oblique aerial photography.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 14
aerial refueling. A method used to extend the range of military aircraft by refueling them in the air.
Flying tankers rendezvous (meet) with the aircraft to be refueled, and large amounts of fuel are
transferred in flight.
Aerodrome. The name given by Dr. Samuel P. Langley to the flying machines built under his supervision
between the years of 1891 and 1903.
aerodrome. A defined area on land or water intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival,
departure, and movement of aircraft. The term also includes any buildings, installations, and equipment in
this area.
aerodrome beacon (ICAO). An aeronautical beacon used to aid in locating an aerodrome from the air.
aerodrome control service (ICAO). Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.
aerodrome control tower (ICAO). A unit established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome
traffic.
aerodrome elevation (ICAO). The elevation of the highest point of the landing area.
aerodrome traffic circuit (ICAO). The specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the vicinity of
an aerodrome.
aerodynamic balance (aircraft flight control component). The portion of a control surface on an airplane
extending ahead of the hinge line. Air striking this portion of the control surface produces an aerodynamic
force that aids the movement of the control.
aerodynamic blockage thrust reverser. A form of thrust reverser used on turbojet or turbofan engines.
Thin airfoils or obstructions are placed in the engine’s exhaust stream to duct the high-velocity exhaust
gases forward. These forward-flowing gases create a large amount of aerodynamic drag to decrease the
landing roll of the airplane.
aerodynamic braking. The use of reverse thrust from a propeller or a gas turbine engine to produce a great
deal of aerodynamic drag.
This drag is used to slow the aircraft on its landing roll, before the brakes are applied, or to allow
the aircraft to descend at a steep angle without building up excessive airspeed.
aerodynamic center. The point along the chord of an airfoil where all changes in lift effectively take place.
The aerodynamic center is not affected by the camber, the thickness of the airfoil, nor the angle of attack.
For a subsonic airfoil, the aerodynamic center is located between 23% and 27% of the chord
length back from the leading edge, and for a supersonic airfoil it is located 50% of the chord length back
from the leading edge.
aerodynamic coefficients. 14 CFR Part 1: “Nondimensional coefficients for aerodynamic forces and
moments.”
aerodynamic drag. The total resistance to the movement of an object through the air. Aerodynamic drag is
composed of both induced and parasite drag.
See induced drag and parasite drag.
aerodynamic forces. The basic forces acting on an aircraft in flight that are caused by the movement of air
over the surfaces.
Thrust acts forward, drag acts rearward, and lift acts vertically upward. The weight of the aircraft
produces a force that acts vertically downward. A downward-acting aerodynamic force produced by the
horizontal tail surfaces balances the weight force about the center of gravity to provide longitudinal
stability.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 15
aerodynamic heating. The temperature rise caused by the friction of high-speed air flowing over a surface.
aerodynamic lift. A force produced by air moving over a specially shaped surface called an airfoil. Lift
acts in a direction perpendicular to the direction the air is moving. Airplane wings and helicopter rotors
produce vertical lift, and propellers produce aerodynamic lift (thrust) in a horizontal plane.
The amount of aerodynamic lift is determined by the density of the air, the speed of the air, and
　
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