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temperature-sensing bulb to the Bourdon tube. The tube is protected from physical damage by enclosing it
in a braided metal wire jacket.
cap screw. A threaded fastener whose shank passes through a clear hole in one piece of material and
screws into threads cut into the second piece.
The head of the cap screw, which is turned with a wrench, clamps the two pieces of material
together.
capstan (aircraft controls). A device in the control system of an aircraft that allows the automatic pilot to
move the control surfaces.
The capstan is a grooved drum-like wheel mounted on the automatic pilot servo motor. A bridle of
control cable is wound around the capstan, and the ends of the bridle are attached to the aileron, elevator, or
rudder control cable. When the servo motor turns, it winds the bridle around the capstan, and the bridle
moves the main control cable.
capstan screw. A form of machine screw whose head has several radial holes, holes that go across the head,
through it. A bar can be passed through these holes and used to turn the screw.
cap strip. The main top and bottom members of a wing rib. The cap strips give the rib its aerodynamic
shape.
capsule (aircraft instrument component). A flat container made of thin disks of corrugated metal
soldered together and used to sense changing pressure.
When the pressure inside the capsule changes, the capsule expands or contracts, and the change in
its physical dimensions is proportional to the change in the pressure.
captive balloon. A lighter-than-air device anchored to the ground with a steel cable. Captive balloons were
used in the American Civil War as aerial observation platforms. In both World War I and World War II,
captive balloons were used as obstructions to keep low-flying airplanes from bombing and strafing vital
ground installations.
captive screw. A screw that has a section of the threads on its shank next to its head cut away. A captive
screw is free to turn in the body in which it is mounted, but it will not drop out when it is unscrewed from
the part it is holding.
carbide. A chemical compound of carbon and a metallic element. Carbides are normally very hard
materials.
carbide tool (machine tool). A metal-cutting machine tool whose cutting faces are surfaced with tungsten
carbide, tantalum carbide, or titanium carbide. These carbides keep their hardness and cutting ability even
when they are extremely hot.
Carboloy. The registered trade name for certain cutting tools and dies that have tungsten carbide bonded to
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 104
their cutting or wearing surfaces.
carbon. An abundant, nonmetallic chemical element that occurs in all organic compounds and in many
inorganic compounds. Carbon’s symbol is C, its atomic number is 6, and its atomic weight is 12.01115.
Among carbon’s many important uses is that of acting as an electrical resistance element.
carbon arc. An electric arc produced when current flows through ionized air from the tip of one carbon rod
to the tip of another. The intense heat produced by the passage of the current causes the tips of the carbon
rods to vaporize and glow with a brilliant white light.
carbon black. A form of soft and fluffy carbon. Carbon black is produced by burning certain types of gas
with a flame that contains insufficient oxygen for complete combustion.
Carbon black is used in the manufacture of aircraft tires and as a pigment for some types of paint.
carbon brake (aircraft brake). A special multiple-disk brake using pure carbon for both rotating and
stationary disks. Carbon brakes are used on some high-performance aircraft because of their ability to
dissipate much more energy than a metal-disk brake of similar weight.
carbon dioxide (CO2). A colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is about 1.5 times as heavy as air.
Carbon dioxide, composed of one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen, makes up about five
hundredths of one percent of the air we breathe. Green plants take in carbon dioxide and combine it with
water to make sugar. Humans and animals give off carbon dioxide in their exhaled breath.
Even though carbon dioxide makes up only an extremely small part of the air we breathe, it is
necessary, because it helps control our rate of breathing. Carbon dioxide is important commercially because
of its use as a fire extinguishing agent.
carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. A fire extinguisher that holds carbon dioxide gas under a pressure of
about 800 to 900 pounds per square inch.
When carbon dioxide, CO2, is sprayed on a fire, it comes out of the extinguisher in the form of a
snow and blankets the fire. The snow changes into CO2 gas and pushes away all the oxygen. When there is
　
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