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centering cam (landing gear component). A cam on the shock strut of a retractable nose gear that aligns
the wheel when there is no weight on the landing gear, so it will fit into the nose wheel well.
centering cones (propeller component). Cones installed on a splined propeller shaft to hold the propeller
hub centered. The rear cone is a single-piece split bronze cone, and the front cone is a two-piece
chrome-plated steel cone.
center line (aircraft drawings). A thin line consisting of alternate long and short dashes used in an aircraft
drawing to show the center of a part.
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center-line thrust airplane. A twin-engine airplane with both engines mounted in the fuselage. One is
installed as a tractor in the front of the cabin, and the other as a pusher behind the cabin. The empennage is
mounted on booms.
center of gravity. See CG.
center of gravity envelope (aircraft weight and balance). An envelope drawn on a graph included in
aircraft Type Certificate Data Sheets and aircraft flight operations manuals showing the center of gravity
limits for all weights up to the maximum allowable gross weight of the aircraft.
Any combination of weight and center of gravity location that falls within the envelope is an
approved loading condition for the aircraft.
center of gravity limits (aircraft weight and balance). The specified forward and aft points beyond
which the CG must not be located during flight. These limits are indicated in the Type Certificate Data
Sheets (TCDS) for the aircraft.
center of gravity range (aircraft weight and balance). The distance in inches between the forward
allowable center of gravity and the rearward allowable center of gravity.
The allowable center of gravity range changes with the gross weight of the aircraft, and the gross
weight must be specified for the center of gravity range to be meaningful.
In most modern aircraft, this center of gravity range is shown in the aircraft Type Certificate Data
Sheets in the form of a center of gravity envelope.
center of lift (aerodynamic parameter). The location along the chord line of an airfoil at which all the lift
forces produced by the airfoil are considered to be concentrated.
center of mass. The location within a body at which its entire mass is considered to be balanced.
center of pressure (aerodynamics). The point on the chord line of an airfoil (a line through the airfoil that
joins the leading edge and the trailing edge) where all the aerodynamic forces are considered to be
concentrated.
center of pressure coefficient (airfoil data). The distance between the leading edge of an airfoil and the
location of the center of pressure expressed as a ratio of this distance to the length of the airfoil chord line.
If the center of pressure coefficient, which is expressed as “cp” on a set of airfoil characteristic
curves, is 0.3, the center of pressure is located 30% of the chord line length behind the leading edge of the
airfoil.
center punch. A small, metalworking punch used to make an impression in a piece of metal to hold the
point of a twist drill so it can start cutting without walking over the surface of the metal.
The point of a center punch forms an angle of approximately 60°. This angle allows the drill to
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start cutting easily.
center radar ARTS presentation/processing (air traffic control). A computer program developed to
provide a backup system for airport surveillance radar in the event of a failure or malfunction. The program
uses air route traffic control center radar for the processing and presentation of data on the ARTS IIA or
IIIA displays.
center’s area (air traffic control). Specified airspace within which an air traffic control center (ARTCC)
provides air traffic control and advisory service.
center-tapped winding (electrical transformer winding). A winding on an electrical transformer that has
a tap, or connection, located in its electrical center. A center tap is used to divide the winding into two
halves which have opposite polarities. A center-tapped secondary winding of a power transformer is needed
for a two-diode, full-wave rectifier.
center weather advisory (meteorology). An unscheduled weather advisory issued by center weather
service unit meteorologists for ATC use to alert pilots of existing or anticipated adverse weather conditions
within the next two hours.
centigrade temperature. The name formerly used for Celsius temperature. The name centigrade means
100 graduations. See Celsius temperature.
centimeter-gram-second system. The system of metric measurement in which the centimeter is the basic
　
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