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aircraft records. Documentation of the flight time and the maintenance that has been performed on an
aircraft, its engines, or its components.
aircraft repair. Restoration of an aircraft and/or its components to a condition of airworthiness after a
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failure or the occurrence of damage or wear.
aircraft rigging. The final adjustment and alignment of the various component parts of an aircraft to give it
the proper aerodynamic characteristics.
aircraft situation display. See ASD.
Aircraft Specifications. Documentation that includes the pertinent specifications for aircraft certificated
under the Civil Air Regulations (CARs). Specifications are also available for Engines and Propellers.
The information in Aircraft Specifications that is pertinent to aircraft certificated under Federal
Aviation Regulations (14 CFR) is contained in the Type Certificate Data Sheets.
air-cycle cooling system. A system for cooling the air in the cabin of a turbine-powered aircraft.
Compressor bleed air passes through a primary heat exchanger and gives up some of its heat. It
then passes through a centrifugal compressor driven by an expansion turbine. The compressor uses energy
from the turbine to raise the temperature and pressure of the partially cooled bleed air. This additional heat
is removed as the air flows through a secondary heat exchanger. The air then flows through the expansion
turbine where it gives up still more of its energy as the turbine drives the compressor.
When the air, with much of its energy removed, leaves the turbine, it expands and its pressure and
temperature drop further, providing cold air for cooling the cabin.
air-cycle machine. The component in an air-cycle cooling system that includes the expansion turbine and
the compressor.
air data computer. See ADC.
air defense emergency (air traffic control). A military emergency condition declared by a designated
authority.
This condition exists when an attack upon the continental U.S., Alaska, Canada, or U.S.
installations in Greenland by hostile aircraft or missiles is considered probable, is imminent, or is taking
place.
Air Defense Identification Zone. See ADIZ.
air density. The mass of air in a given volume. In the English system of measurements, air density is
measured in slugs per cubic foot. Air at standard sea level conditions has a density of 0.002378 slug per
cubic foot.
air-dry. To remove moisture from a material by exposing it to the air.
airfield. Any area in which aircraft may land, take off, and park. An airfield may also be called an airport,
airstrip, or aerodrome. The term airfield includes the buildings, equipment, and maintenance facilities used
to store or service aircraft.
air filter (induction system component). A filter through which air entering the induction system of a
reciprocating engine must pass. Filters remove sand and dust, preventing them from entering the engine.
Because of the possibility of the filter being obstructed by ice, provisions are made to bypass it
and allow the engine to take in warm, unfiltered air from the engine compartment.
airfoil. Any surface designed to obtain a useful reaction, or lift, from air passing over it. Airplane wings,
propeller blades, and helicopter rotors are examples of airfoils.
airfoil characteristic curves. A set of curves for an airfoil section plotted from wind tunnel data that
shows the effect of angle of attack on the coefficient of lift, coefficient of drag, lift over drag ratio, and the
movement of the center of pressure.
airfoil profile. The outline of an airfoil section.
airfoil section. The cross-sectional shape of an airfoil, viewed as if it were cut through in a fore-and-aft
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plane.
airframe. 14 CFR Part 1: “The fuselage, booms, nacelles, cowlings, fairings, airfoil surfaces (including
rotors but excluding propellers and rotating airfoils of engines), and landing gear of an aircraft and their
accessories and controls.”
airframe mechanic. A person holding a certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Administration that
authorizes him or her to perform maintenance and inspections on the airframe of FAA-certificated aircraft.
air-fuel mixture ratio. The ratio of the weight of the air to that of the fuel in the mixture being fed into the
cylinders of a reciprocating engine.
air impingement (aircraft finish defect). A fault resembling haze in an enamel or lacquer finish of an
aircraft. Air impingement is caused by microscopic-sized bubbles in the finish that form when the finishing
material is applied using too high an atomizing air pressure.
　
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