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conifer (wood nomenclature). A tree that bears cones. The technical meaning of the term softwood is
wood that comes from a conifer, or cone-bearing tree.
coning angle (helicopter rotor blade parameter). The angle formed between the plane of rotation of a
helicopter rotor blade when it is producing lift, and a line perpendicular to the rotor shaft.
The degree of the coning angle is determined by the relationship between the centrifugal force
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acting on the blades and the aerodynamic lift produced by the blades.
conn. To steer or control the direction of a ship or aircraft.
connecting rod (reciprocating engine component). The rigid rod that connects the pistons in a
reciprocating engine to the throws of the crankshaft.
conservation of energy (physical law). The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form into another.
CONSOL (CONSOLAN). A low-frequency, long-distance navigational aid used principally for
transoceanic navigation.
console (aircraft controls). The portion of the cockpit of an aircraft in which many of the operating
controls are located. The control console is normally in the form of a pedestal that extends out from the
instrument panel between the seats for the pilot and copilot.
constant (mathematical). A number or symbol that has a fixed value for a given condition. An example of
a constant useful in aviation maintenance is the relationship between the circumference of a circle and its
diameter. This constant has a value of 3.1416 and is commonly known by the Greek letter pi (π).
constantan. A copper-nickel alloy used as the negative lead of a thermocouple for measuring cylinder head
temperature in a reciprocating engine. Either iron or copper may be used as the positive lead for the
thermocouple.
constant-current charge (battery charging). A method of restoring the charge to a storage battery by
connecting it across a source of direct current that can be maintained at a constant value by varying the
voltage as the state of charge progresses. The ideal charging current is about 7% of the ampere-hour
capacity of the battery.
constant differential mode (aircraft pressurization). The mode of pressurization in which the cabin
pressure is maintained a constant amount higher than the outside air pressure. The maximum differential
pressure is determined by the structural strength of the aircraft cabin.
constant-displacement pump (fluid pump). A pump that moves a constant volume of fluid with each
rotation. Gear pumps, gerotor pumps, vane pumps, and some types of piston pumps are
constant-displacement pumps.
Some form of pressure regulator or relief valve must be used with a constant-displacement pump
when it is driven by the aircraft engine.
constant-force spring. A form of helical coil spring wound in such a way that it always produces a
constant restorative force, regardless of the amount it is displaced.
constant-pressure chart (meteorology). A weather chart showing a constant-pressure surface. It may
contain analysis of height, wind, temperature, humidity, and/or other elements.
constant-pressure cycle of energy release. The cycle of energy transformation used by a gas turbine
engine. See Brayton cycle.
constant-speed drive (AC generator drive). See CSD.
constant-speed propeller. A type of propeller used on an airplane to hold the engine at a constant RPM as
the air load on the propeller changes. A centrifugal governor senses the engine RPM, and if it increases
above that for which the governor is set, the pitch of the propeller blades will increase. This increased blade
angle increases the air load on the propeller, and the engine slows down.
If the RPM drops below that for which the governor is set, the propeller pitch will decrease, and
the decreased air load allows the engine to speed back up to its on-speed condition.
constant-voltage charge (batteries). A method of charging aircraft batteries in which a constant voltage is
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placed across the battery while it is being charged.
When a battery is discharged, its voltage is low and the charging current is high. But as the battery
becomes charged, its voltage rises and the charging current decreases. When the battery voltage is the same
as the voltage of the charging source, no more charging current flows. Aircraft generators charge the
batteries with a constant-voltage charge.
constant-voltage power supply (electronic power supply). A regulated power supply that maintains a
constant output voltage as the electrical load varies.
　
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