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one international candle or one candela.
cannibalize. To take serviceable components from one unit and use them on another. Military and
industrial surplus equipment is often used as a source of components that can be obtained by cannibalizing
the equipment.
canopy (aircraft structure). The transparent enclosure that covers an aircraft cockpit. Most modern
canopies are formed in the shape of a bubble from a single piece of transparent plastic material.
canopy (parachute). The fabric body of a parachute.
can tap valve. A valve attached to a sealed can of liquid refrigerant that controls the flow of refrigerant
into an aircraft vapor-cycle cooling system.
When the valve is securely attached, a seal on the can is pierced, allowing the refrigerant to flow.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 100
canted bulkhead. The wall of a compartment in an aircraft that, because of structural reasons, is not
straight up and down. A canted bulkhead angles upward from the deck.
canted rate gyro. A rate gyro whose gimbal axis is tilted so it can sense rotation of the aircraft about its
roll axis as well as its yaw axis.
cantilever beam. A beam with all of its support inside the beam itself. It uses no external struts, braces, or
wires. A diving board is an example of a cantilever beam.
cantilever wing. A wing with no external bracing — all of the strength of the wing is inside its structure.
The wing spars are built in such a way that they carry all the bending and torsional loads.
can-type combustor (gas turbine engine component). A combustor, or burner section of a gas turbine
engine made up of several individual burner cans.
These cans are long cylinders of thin sheet metal consisting of an outer housing and an inner liner,
arranged axially around the power shaft of the engine, more or less parallel to it.
Discharge air from the compressor flows through the cans where fuel is sprayed into it and burned
to add energy. Cooling air flows between the housing and inner liner, and through holes in the inner liner to
keep the temperature of the cans low enough that they will not be damaged.
Can-type combustors were used on some of the early turbojet engines, but most modern engines
use the more efficient annular, or can-annular combustors.
canvas. A heavy, tightly woven cloth made of cotton.
capacitance (electrical quantity). The amount of electrical charge that can be stored in a capacitor under a
given amount of electrical pressure (voltage).
The formula for capacitance is C = Q ÷ E, in which C is the capacitance in farads, Q is the
quantity (amount) of charge in coulombs, and E is the electrical pressure, in volts. Capacitance is measured
in farads, microfarads, or picofarads.
capacitance afterfiring (reciprocating engines). The continuation of the spark across the gap in a
shielded spark plug after the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder is ignited.
Capacitance afterfiring is caused by the return of electrical energy stored in the capacitance of the
shielded ignition leads. Capacitance afterfiring is eliminated by installing a resistor inside the spark plug.
capacitance box. A piece of electrical test equipment made up of a number of capacitors and selector
switches. Any amount of capacitance needed in a circuit can be selected on the switches and the
capacitance box inserted into the circuit where the capacitance is needed.
capacitance bridge. A piece of precision electrical test equipment used to measure capacitance. The bridge
measures the capacitance of an unknown capacitor by comparing its capacitive reactance with that
produced by a known value of capacitance.
capacitance-type fuel quantity indicating system. A type of fuel quantity indicating system that shows
the amount of fuel in the tanks of an aircraft.
The sending units (probes) inside the fuel tank are cylindrical capacitors made of two concentric
metal tubes. These probes, connected in parallel, reach across the tank from top to bottom. When the tank is
full of fuel, the fuel acts as the dielectric, but when the tank is empty, air is the dielectric.
The capacitance of a capacitor is directly proportional to the dielectric constant (k) of the material
between its plates. Air has a k of one, and the fuel has a k of approximately two, depending upon its
temperature and thus its density.
The system contains an automatic balancing capacitance bridge and an indicator. The bridge
measures the capacitance of the tank probes, which varies directly with the amount of fuel in the tanks. The
capacitance is converted into terms of pounds of fuel in the tanks, and this is shown on the indicator.
capacitive coupling (electronic circuit). A method of joining stages of electronic circuits with capacitors.
　
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