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resulting material are different from those of any of the components.
composite flight plan (air traffic control). A flight plan that specifies VFR operation on one portion of
the flight and IFR operation on another.
composite propeller blade. A propeller blade made of a number of materials such as metal, graphite, glass,
or aramid fibers, and foam.
composite route system (air traffic control). An organized oceanic route structure, incorporating reduced
lateral spacing between routes, in which composite separation is authorized.
composite separation (air traffic control). A method of separating aircraft in a composite route system
where, by management of route and altitude assignments, a combination of half the lateral minimum
specified for the area concerned and half the vertical minimum is applied.
composite structure. A type of aircraft structure made of plastic resins reinforced with strong, lightweight
filaments. Fiberglass, carbon, Kevlar®, and boron are materials used for composite structure. Composite
materials combine high strength and rigidity with light weight.
composition resistor (electrical component). A resistor made of a mixture of carbon and an insulating
material. The mixture is molded inside a protective insulation with a wire lead extending radially from each
end.
The ohmic value of the resistor is determined by the percentage of insulating material in the
mixture, and the physical size determines the amount of heat the resistor can dissipate. The resistance, in
ohms, is marked by a series of colored bands around one end.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 143
compound (chemical). See chemical compound.
compound curve. A curve formed in more than one plane. The surface of a sphere is a compound curve.
compound gage. A pressure gage used to measure the pressure in the low side of an air conditioning
system. A compound gage is calibrated from zero to 30-inches of mercury, negative, and from zero to
about 150-pounds-per-square-inch positive pressure.
compound lever. A series of levers connected in such a way that the output of one lever is used as the
input of another. Compound levers are used to multiply force.
compound-wound generator (electrical generator). An electrical generator which has both a series and a
shunt field winding.
compound-wound motor (electric motor). An electric motor which has both a series and a shunt field
winding. A series motor has a high starting torque, but poor speed control. A shunt motor has a low starting
torque, but good speed control. A compound motor has some of the good characteristics of both types of
motors.
compressed air. Air whose pressure has been increased above that of the ambient, or surrounding, air by
some form of mechanical compressor.
compressibility. The ability of the material to be reduced in volume by the application of pressure.
Air is a compressible fluid, and soft rubber is a compressible solid.
compressibility effect. The sudden increase in the total drag of an airfoil in transonic flight caused by
formation of shock waves on the surface.
compressibility error (flight instrument error). The airspeed indicator error caused by compression of
the air at the forward end of the pitot tube. This compression is caused by the pitot tube moving through the
air at a speed greater than the speed of sound.
compressible flow (aerodynamics). The flow of a fluid in which the density of the fluid varies.
Compressible flow is encountered in supersonic flight.
compressible fluid. A fluid to which energy can be added by compressing, or squeezing it into a smaller
volume. Gases are compressible fluids.
compression (physical force). A resultant of two forces acting in the same plane, but in opposite directions,
toward each other. A compression, or compressive, force tries to mash the ends of an object together.
compression failure. A type of structural failure caused by the application of too much compressive stress.
Compression failure causes the material to buckle or collapse.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 144
compression ignition. The form of ignition used in diesel engines. Air inside the cylinder of the engine is
compressed, and the compression heats the air enough that when fuel is sprayed into it, the fuel ignites and
burns.
compression ignition engine. A form of reciprocating engine which uses heat produced by compressing
the air in the cylinder to ignite the fuel.
A diesel engine is a compression-ignition engine. The piston, moving upward in the cylinder,
compresses and heats the air. When the piston is near the top of its stroke, fuel is sprayed into the hot air,
　
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