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that has been fed into it as well as the desired signal.
Cross talk occurs when signals on one channel or circuit are unintentionally fed over so they
appear on another channel or in another circuit.
crosswind (aviation operations). A wind blowing across the flight path of an aircraft. When an aircraft is
flying in a crosswind, correction must be made to keep it from being blown from its desired flight path.
crosswind component (aircraft operation). The wind component, measured in knots, at 90° to the
longitudinal axis of a runway.
crosswind landing (aircraft operation). A landing made in a direction across, or nearly perpendicular to,
the direction from which the wind is blowing.
crosswind landing gear (airplane landing gear). A type of landing gear installed on some tail-wheel
airplanes to make crosswind landings easier for the pilot.
In a crosswind landing gear, the two main wheels are equipped with a spring-loaded cam that
allows them to be turned away from their normal position which is parallel to the fuselage of the airplane.
When an airplane, crabbed into the wind for a crosswind landing, touches down, the wheels
automatically turn at an angle to the fuselage so they roll straight down the runway while the fuselage is
pointed into the wind.
crowfoot wrench. A very short open-end or box-end wrench with a square drive hole that allows it to be
mounted on an extension which may be turned by a flex, or breakover, handle. A crowfoot wrench is used
to turn a nut in a location where it cannot be reached and turned with any other kind of wrench.
CRT (cathode-ray tube). A display tube used in oscilloscopes, digital computers, and television receivers.
An electron gun emits a stream of electrons that is attracted to a positively charged inner surface
of the face of the tube. Acceleration grids and focusing grids speed the movement of the electrons and
shape the beam into a pin-point size. Electrostatic or electromagnetic forces caused by deflection plates or
coils move the beam over the face of the tube.
The inside of the face is treated with a phosphor material that emits light when the beam of
electrons strikes it.
crucible. A container made of a material that can be heated to a very high temperature. Materials to be
melted are put into the crucible and heated to the temperature needed to melt them. Certain types of
high-grade steel are made in crucibles.
crucible steel. A high grade of steel produced by melting scraps of iron and steel in a graphite crucible and
adding the correct amounts of alloying elements and fluxes.
The metal is boiled to remove the volatile oxides, and after the slag is removed, the molten steel is
cast into ingots.
crude oil. Petroleum in the condition it is in when taken from the ground.
cruise (air traffic control). When used in an ATC clearance, the term cruise means that the pilot may
conduct flight at any altitude from the minimum IFR altitude up to and including the altitude specified in
the clearance. The pilot may level off at any intermediate altitude within the block of airspace.
Climb or descent within the airspace may be made at the discretion of the pilot. However, once the
pilot starts descent and verbally reports leaving an altitude in the block, he may not return to that altitude
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 167
without additional ATC clearance.
cruise (aircraft flight condition). A flight condition that allows an aircraft to operate smoothly and
efficiently for a long period of time.
cruise climb (air traffic control). A climb technique employed by aircraft usually at a constant power
setting, resulting in an increase of altitude as the aircraft weight decreases.
cruising altitude. An altitude or flight level maintained during en route level flight.
cruising level (ICAO). A level maintained during a significant portion of a flight.
crush gasket. A form of gasket made of thin copper, formed around a core of asbestos. When the
component being sealed by this gasket is screwed tightly into its housing, the gasket is crushed so it
conforms to the two surfaces and provides a leakproof seal.
cryogenic gyroscope. A form of gyroscope which uses a spherical rotor made of niobium.
The rotor is suspended in a magnetic field and is operated at a cryogenic (extremely low)
temperature. At this temperature the niobium acts as a superconductor.
cryogenic liquid. A liquid which boils at temperatures of less than about 110°K (–163°C) at normal
atmospheric pressures.
Liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen are commonly used cryogenic liquids.
cryogenics. The branch of science or engineering that deals with technical operations involving very low
　
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