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cut and the longest life of the cutting or drilling tool.
cutting torch. An oxy-gas torch which has a preheating flame to get the metal red-hot before it is cut.
When the metal is sufficiently hot, a jet of oxygen is blown through the center of the flame. This oxidizes,
or burns, through the metal and produces a smooth cut.
CVFP (charted visual flight procedure approach). An approach authorized for a radar-controlled aircraft
on an IFR flight plan, but operating in VFR conditions. When authorized by ATC, the aircraft may proceed
to the airport of intended landing via visual landmarks and altitudes depicted on a charted visual flight
procedure.
CW (continuous wave radio transmission). A method of transmitting radio-frequency electromagnetic
energy in the form of long and short spurts that may be considered to be dashes and dots.
The electromagnetic energy radiates from a transmitting antenna, and this is picked up at some
distant location by a receiving antenna. The long and short spurts of energy are converted into letters and
numbers according to the International Morse code.
cyanide. Any of the various salts of hydrogen cyanide which contain a CN (carbon and nitrogen) group.
One of the best known cyanide compounds is sodium cyanide, NaCN, which is used in metal heat treatment.
Sodium cyanide is extremely poisonous.
cyaniding (metal heat treatment). A type of case hardening of steel done by heating the metal in a bath of
molten cyanide salts.
Carbon and nitrogen are absorbed from the salts into the surface of the steel. After the steel has
been in the salts for the correct length of time, it is removed and quenched.
cybernetics. The science of systems and controls as they pertain to the relationship between living beings
and automatic machines.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 172
cycle. A complete series of events or operations that recur regularly. The last event ends at the same place
the first begins, and as soon as the last event is completed, the first is ready to begin again.
cycle per second. A measure of frequency of a recurring event. One cycle per second is called one hertz
(Hz).
cyclic pitch control (helicopter rotor control). The control in a helicopter that allows the pilot to change
the pitch of the rotor blades individually, at a specific point in their rotation.
The cyclic pitch control allows the pilot to tilt the plane of rotation of the rotor blades to change
the direction in which the lift produced by the rotor disk acts. Tilting the plane of the rotor controls the
direction the helicopter moves.
cycling. Operating a device or a system through its entire range of actuation several times. A retractable
landing gear is cycled when it is raised and lowered several times, to check its operation and to remove air
from its operating fluid.
cyclogenesis (meteorology). Any development or strengthening of cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere.
Cyclonic circulation is counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern
hemisphere.
cyclone (meteorology). An area of low atmospheric pressure which has a closed circulation. In the
northern hemisphere the circulation is counterclockwise, and in the southern hemisphere it is clockwise.
Because cyclonic circulation and relatively low atmospheric pressure usually coexist, the terms
cyclone and low are often used interchangeably. Also, because cyclones are often accompanied by
inclement and sometimes destructive weather, they are frequently referred to as storms.
Tropical cyclones are called hurricanes or typhoons, and cyclones that form in the higher latitudes
are called barometric depressions.
cyclotron (nuclear accelerator). An accelerator in which positively charged particles such as protons and
deutrons are accelerated (sped up) by a constant-frequency alternating electric field synchronized with their
movement. The particles are held in a spiral path in a constant magnetic field as they speed up.
cylinder (reciprocating engine component). The component in a reciprocating engine which houses the
piston and valves. The cylinders form the combustion chambers of the engine.
cylinder (geometric shape). A solid form whose ends are circular and whose sides are parallel. The
volume of a cylinder is found by the formula:
V = 0.7854 D2 H
V = Cylinder volume in cubic inches
0.7854 = A constant π ÷ 4
D = Cylinder diameter, or bore in inches
H = Cylinder height, or stroke in inches
cylinder baffles (reciprocating engine component). Thin sheet metal covers fastened around the fins on
the cylinders of an air-cooled engine. The baffles force cooling air to flow through the fins so it can pick up
　
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