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numbers and fractions. Arithmetic deals only with real numbers. See real number.
arithmetic sum. The arithmetic sum of two or more numbers is the value obtained when the absolute
values of the quantities are added. See absolute value.
arm (lever). The distance on a lever between the fulcrum and the point of application of the force or the
weight.
arm (weight and balance). The horizontal distance in inches between a reference datum line and the
center of gravity of an object. If the object is behind the datum, the arm is positive, and if it is ahead of the
datum, the arm is negative.
armature. The rotating element in an electric motor or generator.
armature core (electrical machine). The assembly of soft iron laminations on which the coils of an
armature are wound.
armature gap (electrical machine). The space between the armature core and the field poles of an electric
motor or generator.
armature reaction. The distortion of the magnetic flux between the field poles in an electric generator or
motor caused by the magnetic field produced by current flowing in the winding of the armature.
armed. A condition in which a device is made ready for actuation.
Armed Forces. 14 CFR Part 1: “The Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, including
their regular and reserve components and members serving without component status.”
Army Aviation Flight Information Bulletin. A bulletin that provides air operation data covering Army,
National Guard, and Army Reserve aviation activities.
aromatic compound. A chemical compound such as toluene, xylene, and benzene that is blended with
gasoline to improve its antidetonation characteristics.
Aromatic compounds have the bad feature of softening rubber hoses, diaphragms, and seals used
in fuel metering system components.
aromatic gasoline. Aviation gasoline that has had its antidetonation characteristics improved by blending
in some of the aromatic additives, such as benzene, toluene, or xylene.
aromatic naphtha. A coal tar derivative used as an additive in certain reciprocating engine fuels. Aromatic
naphtha should not be used for cleaning aircraft parts.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 45
ARP (airport reference point). The approximate geometric center of all usable runway surfaces.
arresting system. A safety system installed on some airports to prevent aircraft from overrunning runways
when the aircraft cannot be stopped after landing or during an aborted takeoff. These systems consist of
two major components: engaging, or catching, devices and energy absorption devices. Arresting systems
are called by such names as arresting gear, hook devices, and wire barrier cables.
arrival center (air traffic control). The ARTCC having jurisdiction for the impacted airport.
arrival delay (air traffic control). A parameter which specifies a period of time in which no aircraft will
be metered for arrival at the specified airport.
arrival sector (air traffic control). An operational control sector that contains one or more meter fixes.
arrival sector advisory list (air traffic control). A list of data on arrivals displayed at the plan-view
display (PVD) of the sector which controls the meter fix.
arrival sequencing program (air traffic control). The automated program designated to assist in
sequencing aircraft destined for the same airport.
arrival time. The time an aircraft touches down on arrival.
arsenic. A highly poisonous metallic chemical element. Arsenic’s symbol is As, its atomic number is 33,
and its atomic weight is 74.9216. Arsenic, which has five valence electrons, is used as a pentavalent
impurity in the manufacture of N-type semiconductor devices.
ARSR (air route surveillance radar). Air route traffic control center radar used primarily to detect and
display an aircraft’s position while en route between terminal areas. The ARSR enables controllers to
provide radar air traffic control service when aircraft are within the ARSR coverage.
ARTCC (air route traffic control center ). A facility established to provide air traffic control service to
aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within controlled airspace and principally during the en route phase of
flight.
When equipment capabilities and controller workload permit, certain advisory/assistance services
may also be provided to VFR aircraft.
articulated connecting rod (reciprocating engine component). A link rod which connects the pistons in
a radial engine to the master rod.
There is one less articulated rod than there are cylinders in each row of cylinders in a radial
engine.
articulated rotor (helicopter rotor). A helicopter rotor in which each blade is connected to the rotor hub
　
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