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crimping (sheet metal fabrication procedure). Shortening a piece of sheet metal by forming small pleats
or corrugations in its surface. A formed metal angle may be bent into a curve by crimping the edge of one
of its legs.
crimping tool (electrical wiring tool). A special tool used to install crimp-on terminals on the ends of
electrical wires. The tool is designed to exert enough pressure that the barrel of the terminal is squeezed
into the strands of the wire to form a strong, low-resistance attachment.
crimp-on terminals (electrical wire terminals). Terminals which are attached to the end of an electrical
wire for the purpose of connecting the wire to a terminal strip or component, or for splicing the wires. The
terminals are attached to the wire ends by squeezing the terminal into the strands of the wire. No solder is
used.
crinkle finish. A type of finish formed by a special paint in which the surface dries in a series of wrinkles.
The paint used to make a crinkle finish contains special ingredients that cause the surface to
partially dry before the paint below the surface dries. As the subsurface paint dries, it shrinks and pulls the
surface into a series of wrinkles. Crinkle finish is used on instrument panels to give a tough, attractive
finish that does not reflect light.
critical altitude (aircraft reciprocating engine specification). The maximum altitude under standard
atmospheric conditions at which an aircraft reciprocating engine can deliver its rated horsepower.
14 CFR Part 1: “The maximum altitude at which, in standard atmosphere, it is possible to
maintain, at a specified rotational speed, a specified power or a specified manifold pressure. Unless
otherwise stated, the critical altitude is the maximum altitude at which it is possible to maintain, at the
maximum continuous rotational speed, one of the following:
(1) The maximum continuous power, in the case of engines for which this power rating is the
same at sea level and at the rated altitude.
(2) The maximum continuous rated manifold pressure, in the case of engines, the maximum
continuous power of which is governed by a constant manifold pressure.”
critical angle of attack (aerodynamics). The highest angle of attack at which air passes over an airfoil in a
smooth flow. At angles of attack greater than the critical angle, the air burbles, or flows in a disturbed
pattern, and lift is lost.
The critical angle of attack is sometimes called the stalling angle of attack.
critical compression ratio (compression-ignition engine). The lowest compression ratio of a
compression-ignition engine that allows a specific fuel to be ignited by compression ignition.
critical coupling (electrical transformers). The coupling between the windings of a transformer that
transfers the maximum amount of energy. Critical coupling is also known as optimum coupling.
critical engine (aircraft operation). The engine of a multiengine airplane which would cause the most
difficulty in maintaining control if it failed in a critical condition of flight, such as on takeoff. 14 CFR Part
1: “The engine whose failure would most adversely affect the performance or handling qualities of the
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 164
aircraft.”
critical Mach number (aerodynamics). The flight Mach number at which there is the first indication of
air flowing over any part of the structure at a speed of Mach one, the local speed of sound.
critical part. The part in an assembly or component whose failure would prevent the assembly or
component functioning as it should.
critical pressure (reciprocating engine fuel). The highest pressure of the fuel-air mixture inside the
cylinder of a reciprocating engine that allows the mixture to burn evenly, rather than explode, or detonate.
critical RPM range (engine operating condition). A range of engine RPM in which the natural vibratory
frequency of the engine-propeller combination is excited. Continued operation in the critical range, which
is marked on the tachometer dial with a red arc, can cause destructive vibration.
critical stress area (aircraft structure). An area in an aircraft structure that either has been exposed to an
excess of stress or would cause the maximum amount of strength loss if it were damaged.
critical temperature (reciprocating engine fuel). The temperature inside the cylinder of a reciprocating
engine that will cause the fuel to explode, rather than burn evenly when it is ignited.
critical temperature of a metal (heat treatment). The temperature at which the internal structure of a
metal takes on a crystalline form.
crocus cloth. An abrasive cloth that has a fine, dark red iron oxide bonded to its surface. Crocus cloth is
　
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