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autopilot, flight director, horizontal situation indicator, air data sensors, and other avionics inputs.
An aircraft with an AFCS can be flown in a completely automatic mode.
“Affirmative” (air traffic control). The term used by ATC for “yes.”
aft. The direction toward the rear of an aircraft.
afterbody (aircraft structure). The rearward portion of an engine nacelle or pod. The portion of the
structure that surrounds the tail pipe.
after bottom center (reciprocating engine piston position). The position of the piston in the cylinder of a
reciprocating engine after the crankshaft, turning in its normal direction of rotation, has caused the piston to
pass the bottom of its stroke and start back up.
afterburner (gas turbine engine component). A device in the exhaust system of a turbojet or turbofan
engine, used to increase the thrust for takeoff and for special flight conditions.
Since much of the air passing through a gas turbine engine is used only for cooling, it still contains
a great deal of oxygen. Fuel is sprayed into the hot, oxygen-rich exhaust in the afterburner, where it burns
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 17
and produces additional thrust.
Afterburners, called reheaters in the United Kingdom, use a large amount of fuel, but the extra
thrust they produce makes them efficient for high-performance aircraft.
afterfiring (turbine engine). Fire that continues in the combustor after the engine is shut down.
Afterfiring is normally caused by a malfunctioning manifold drain valve.
afterfiring (reciprocating engines). A condition that can exist in a reciprocating engine when an excessive
amount of fuel is taken into the cylinders. Some of this fuel is still burning when it is forced out of the
cylinders, and it continues to burn in the exhaust system.
Afterfiring is sometimes called torching.
afterglow (cathode-ray tube). The light, or glow, remaining on the phosphorescent screen of a
cathode-ray tube after the electron beam passes.
after top center (reciprocating engine piston position). The position of the piston in the cylinder of a
reciprocating engine after the crankshaft, turning in its normal direction of rotation, has caused the piston to
pass the top of its stroke and start back down.
aft-fan engine. A turbofan engine with the fan constructed as an extension of some of the turbine blades,
rather than as an extension of the compressor blades. This fan pulls large volumes of air around the outside
of the gas generator portion of the engine.
aft flap. The rearmost section of a triple-slotted, segmented wing flap. See triple-slotted flap.
age hardening (aluminum alloy heat treatment). The process of increasing the strength and hardness of
aluminum alloy after it has been solution heat-treated. Age hardening occurs at room temperature and
continues for a period of several days until the metal reaches its full-hard state.
aging. A change in the characteristics of a material that takes place over a period of time under specified
environmental conditions. Aging may cause the physical condition of the material either to improve or to
deteriorate.
Certain aluminum alloys do not have their full strength when they are first removed from the
quench bath after they have been heat-treated, but they gain this strength after a few days by the natural
process of aging.
agitate. To stir something or to shake it up to mix its components. Agitating a mixture of ice and water
causes the water becomes uniformly cooled.
AGL altitude. Altitude, expressed in feet measured above ground level.
agonic line. An irregular imaginary line across the surface of the earth along which the magnetic and
geographic poles are in alignment and along which there is no variation error.
The term agonic comes from the two Greek words “a,” meaning no, and “gonic,” meaning angle.
agricultural aircraft. Aircraft especially designed and built for use in agriculture.
The main use of agricultural aircraft is that of applying chemicals to crops for insect and weed
control, and for seeding and fertilizing large areas in a minimum of time.
Agricultural aircraft are ruggedly built, can carry large loads, can operate from unimproved
landing strips, are highly maneuverable, and are built to protect the pilot in the event of a crash.
agronautics. The branch of the aviation industry dealing with agriculture.
aileron (airplane flight control). A primary flight control surface mounted on the trailing edge of an
airplane wing, near the tip. Ailerons operate by lateral movement of the control wheel or stick, and their
displacement causes the airplane to rotate about its longitudinal axis.
　
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