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compass rose. A graduated circle painted on a ramp or taxiway of an airport. Compass roses are laid out at
a location where local magnetic fields are minimum, and where traffic will not interfere with aircraft using
the rose to have their compasses swung (compensated).
The graduations of the compass rose are laid out with reference to magnetic north, and they are
marked every thirty degrees.
To compensate the compass, the aircraft is taxied over the compass rose so it lines up with the
directional marks of the rose. The compensating magnets in the compass are adjusted to cause the compass
to agree with the direction the aircraft is pointed.
A compass rose is also the name of a small circle graduated in 360° increments printed on some
navigational charts to show the amount of compass variation at different locations on the chart.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 141
compass saw. A small handsaw having a thin, tapered blade, used to cut circles and curves. A keyhole saw
is a form of compass saw.
compass swinging. See compass compensation.
compensated cam (magneto component). The type of cam used to open the breaker points in a magneto
installed on a high-performance radial engine. The master and link rod arrangement used in a radial engine
causes the pistons in the different cylinders to be a different linear distance from the top of their stroke for
the same angular displacement of the crankshaft relative to top dead center.
A compensated cam has one lobe for each cylinder, and these lobes are not all the same. The
difference in the lobes causes the breaker points to open when the piston in each cylinder is the same linear
distance from the top of its stroke.
compensated fuel pump. A vane-type, engine-driven fuel pump that has a diaphragm connected to the
pressure-regulating valve. The chamber above the diaphragm is vented to the carburetor upper deck where
it senses the pressure of the air as it enters the carburetor.
The diaphragm allows the fuel pump to compensate for altitude changes and keeps the carburetor
inlet fuel pressure a constant amount higher than the carburetor inlet air pressure.
compensating cam (turbine-engine-powered helicopter control). A cam in the engine control system of
a turbine-engine-powered helicopter that coordinates the engine power with the position of the
collective-pitch control stick.
compensating relief valve (reciprocating engine lubrication system component). A type of oil pressure
relief valve used in some of the larger aircraft engines.
When the oil is cold, two springs hold the pressure relief valve on its seat. But when the oil warms
up, a thermostatic valve directs oil against a piston in the relief valve. This oil disables one spring and
allows the oil pressure to be controlled by only one spring.
The initial high oil pressure forces the thick, cold oil through the engine and assures that all the
bearings are lubricated when the oil is cold.
compensating winding (electrical generator). A series winding in a compound-wound DC generator. The
coils of the compensating winding are embedded in the faces of the field poles, and their magnetic fields
assist the fields from the interpoles to effectively cancel the field distortion caused by armature current.
compensator port (aircraft brake master cylinder component). A small hole between a hydraulic brake
master cylinder and the reservoir. The first movement of the piston in the master cylinder covers the
compensating port and traps fluid between the master cylinder piston and the brake wheel cylinders to
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 142
apply the brakes.
When the brake is released, the piston uncovers the compensator port, and if any fluid has been
lost from the brake, the reservoir will refill the master cylinder. A restricted compensator port may cause
the brakes to drag or slow their release.
complementary angles. The complement of an angle is 90° minus the angle. For example, 30° is the
complement of 60°: 90° – 60° = 30°. An angle of 30° and an angle of 60° are complementary angles; their
sum is 90°. The two acute angles in a right triangle are always complementary angles.
complementary colors. Two colors of light, which, when added in the proper proportion, produce white
light.
complex circuit (electrical circuit). A circuit that contains a number of components, some of which are
connected in series and others in parallel.
complex number (mathematics). A number which contains real numbers and imaginary numbers. See real
number.
composite. Something made up of different materials combined in such a way that the characteristics of the
　
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