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originally in the aircraft’s flight plan and then clear the aircraft to fly over the point.
common traffic advisory frequency. See CTAF.
communications (electronic). The branch of science or technology that changes information into electrical
impulses and transmits it from one location to another. At the destination, the electrical impulses are
changed back into some form of audible or visual output.
communications receiver. A radio receiver designed and built primarily for receiving voice or coded radio
transmissions. Communications receivers have good selectivity and sensitivity but they do not receive
music with a great deal of fidelity.
communications satellite. A man-made satellite that orbits the earth at an altitude of 22,300 miles (35,900
kilometers), appearing at this altitude to remain stationary over a given location.
Communications satellites receive radio and television transmissions from earth stations and
re-transmit them. Three satellites in essentially the same orbit are able to cover almost the entire earth with
the signals they re-transmit.
commutation (electrical machine). The process by which DC voltage is taken from an armature that has
had AC voltage induced into it.
commutator (electrical machine component). A mechanical rectifier mounted on the armature shaft of a
DC generator or motor. It consists of a cylindrical arrangement of insulated copper bars connected to the
armature coils. Carbon brushes ride on the copper bars to carry current into or out of the commutator,
providing a unidirectional current from a generator or a reversal of current in the coils of a motor.
comparator (electronic circuit). An electronic circuit that compares two signals and produces a third
signal that indicates whether the first two are the same or different.
compartment (structural component). An enclosed area, or space, in an aircraft structure. An engine
compartment is an enclosed area in which the engine is mounted.
compass (drafting instrument). An instrument used to draw circles or portions of a circle. A compass is
made of two legs, hinged in the center. One leg is fitted with a sharp point to hold it at the center of the
circle, and the other leg can be fitted with a lead holder or ink pen to draw the circle.
compass (navigation instrument). A navigation instrument that indicates the direction to the earth’s
magnetic north pole.
The simplest compasses use a small permanent magnet mounted on a pivot and free to turn. It
aligns itself with the magnetic lines of flux that extend across the earth from the magnetic north pole to the
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 140
magnetic south pole.
compass card (magnetic compass component). A drum-like scale, marked in degrees, from 0° to 360°,
fastened around the float in an aircraft magnetic compass.
The magnets align the float with the earth’s magnetic field, and the compass card, which is read
opposite a fixed lubber line, shows the pilot the direction the nose of the aircraft is pointed relative to
magnetic north.
compass compensation. A maintenance procedure that corrects a magnetic compass for deviation error.
The aircraft is aligned on a compass rose, and the compensating magnets in the compass case are
adjusted to get the compass to align with the direction marked on the rose. After the deviation error is
minimized on all headings, a compass correction card is filled out and mounted on the instrument panel
next to the compass.
Compass compensation is also called compass swinging.
compass correction card. A small card mounted near the magnetic compass to show the pilot the amount
of deviation error for each heading.
compass fluid. A highly refined, water-clear petroleum product similar to kerosine, used to damp the
oscillations of magnetic compasses.
compass locator (electronic navigation facility). A low-power, low- or medium-frequency (L/MF) radio
beacon installed at the site of the outer or middle marker of an instrument landing system (ILS).
Compass locators can be used for navigation at distances of approximately 15 miles or as is
authorized in the approach procedure. The outer compass locator (LOM) is installed at the site of the outer
marker of an instrument landing system, and the middle compass locator (LMM) is installed at the site of
the middle marker.
compass north. The direction to which the magnets in an aircraft compass actually point.
The magnetic field with which the compass magnets align is the combination of the earth’s
magnetic field and local magnetic fields. These local fields are caused by magnetized parts of the aircraft
and by electrical current flowing in the aircraft structure and in wires.
　
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