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the air. This air pushing against the partition holds pressure on the oil.
An accumulator in an aircraft hydraulic system acts as a shock absorber and provides a source of
additional hydraulic power when heavy demands are placed on the system.
accumulator air preload (precharge). The charge of compressed air or nitrogen in one side of an
accumulator. The air preload is normally about one third of the system hydraulic pressure. When fluid is
pumped into the oil side of the accumulator, the air is further compressed, and the air pressure and the fluid
pressure become the same.
If the air preload pressure is too low, there will be almost no time between the regulator reaching
its kick-in and kick-out pressures, and the system will cycle far more frequently than it should.
If there is no air pressure gage on the accumulator, the amount of air preload may be found by
watching the hydraulic system pressure gage as the pressure is slowly bled off the system. The pressure
will drop slowly, until a point is reached at which it drops suddenly. This point is the air preload pressure.
accuracy. A measure of the amount of error, or difference between an actual value and its indicated value.
Accuracy is usually expressed in terms of percentage of the full range of measurement.
For example, if voltage is measured on a voltmeter having a full-scale range of ten volts, and the
meter has an accuracy of plus or minus two percent of its full-scale reading, the voltage indication will be
accurate to within 2% of ten volts, or it will be accurate within plus or minus 0.2 volt.
accurate. Free from error, or conforming exactly to a standard or pattern.
AC/DC (type of electrical component). Electrical components that can operate equally well on alternating
current or direct current.
ACDO (air carrier district office). An FAA field office staffed with Flight Standards personnel. ACDOs
serve the aviation industry and general public on matters related to the certification and operation of
scheduled air carriers and other large aircraft operations.
ace. A term used in warfare to identify a pilot who has downed five or more enemy aircraft. This term was
first used during World War I.
acetone. A flammable liquid ketone used as a solvent and as an ingredient in many types of aircraft
finishes.
acetylene gas. A colorless, nontoxic flammable gas (C2H2)generated when calcium carbide is dissolved in
water. Acetylene gas is used as a fuel gas for welding.
acetylene regulator. A single-or two-stage pressure regulator that is used to decrease the pressure of
acetylene gas to a value that is appropriate for the torch being used. Most regulators have two pressure
gages, one to indicate the pressure of the gas in the cylinder and the other to indicate the pressure being
delivered to the torch.
AC flared tube fittings. A series of flare-type fittings used in some of the older aircraft hydraulic systems.
AC fittings have a 35° flare cone, and they may be distinguished from a similar appearing AN fitting by the
threads on an AC fitting extending all the way to the flare cone, while there is a slight shoulder between the
cone and the first thread of an AN fitting.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 9
AC 43.13-1. An advisory circular in book form issued by the Federal Aviation Administration, giving
examples of acceptable methods, techniques, and practices for aircraft inspection and repair.
The procedures described in this advisory circular are considered by the FAA to be acceptable
data and can be submitted to them for approval for specific repairs.
AC 43.13-2. An advisory circular issued by the Federal Aviation Administration, giving examples of
acceptable methods, techniques, and practices for aircraft alterations.
A-check. See maintenance checks.
acid. A chemical substance that contains hydrogen, has a characteristically sour taste, and is prone to react
with a base, or alkali, to form a salt and to accept electrons from the alkali.
acid diluent (finishing system component). A component in a wash primer used to mildly etch the surface
of a metal being primed. The etched surface provides a good bond between the finishing system and the
metal.
acid-resistant paint. A paint used on the portion of an aircraft structure near the battery box. Some
acid-resistant paints have a rubber or tar base, but polyurethane enamel is the most generally used modern
acid-resistant paint.
“Acknowledge” (air traffic control). A request meaning “Let me know that you have received my
message.”
ACLT (actual calculated landing time) (air traffic control). The frozen calculated landing time of a
flight. ACLT is an actual time determined at freeze calculated landing time (FCLT) or meter list display
　
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