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route traffic control center (ARTCC) and a radar approach control facility.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 116
cerium. A lustrous, iron-gray, malleable, metallic, rare-earth chemical element. Cerium’s symbol is Ce, its
atomic number is 58, and its atomic weight is 140.12. Cerium is used as a getter in the manufacture of
electron tubes and as a constituent in friction-lighter flints.
cermet. Any of a group of strong, heat-resistant materials made by sintering metals with ceramic. Sintering
is a process of pressing powdered materials together under enough heat that they are almost, but not, quite
melted. Cermet, also known as ceramet, or metal ceramic, is used to make turbine blades for gas turbine
engines.
certificated aircraft. An aircraft whose design specifications meet at least the minimum requirements
specified by the Federal Aviation Administration for the particular type of aircraft.
An approved type certificate (ATC) is issued for the aircraft design, and when an aircraft is built
according to these specifications and maintained in such a way that it continues to meet these specifications,
it is considered to be legally airworthy.
certificated technician. A type of aviation maintenance personnel included in the proposed 14 CFR Part
66 Aviation Maintenance Personnel. An Aviation Maintenance Technician (AMT) certificate with an
Aircraft rating is proposed to replace the Mechanic certificate with both Airframe and Powerplant ratings.
Another certificate, also proposed under this regulation, is Aviation Maintenance Technician
(Transport) (AMT-T). This certification allows the holder to perform certain maintenance and inspection
operations on the appropriate air transport aircraft certificated in the United States by the FAA.
Certificate of Airworthiness. See Airworthiness Certificate.
cesium. A soft, silvery-white, ductile, metallic chemical element. Cesium’s symbol is Cs, its atomic
number is 55, and its atomic weight is 132.905. Cesium is an important element used in the manufacture of
photoelectric cells.
CFR engine. A special test engine used by the Cooperative Fuel Research to determine the octane rating of
a hydrocarbon fuel. A CFR engine has a variable compression ratio, and it can be adjusted to cause any fuel
being tested to detonate, or explode, rather than burn evenly. The fuel being tested is run in the CFR engine
and the compression ratio is adjusted until the fuel detonates.
With the engine adjusted to cause detonation, the fuel under test is shut off, and a reference fuel,
which is a mixture of iso-octane and normal heptane, is directed into the engine. The ratio of the iso-octane
to heptane is changed until the reference fuel detonates the same as the fuel being tested.
The percentage of iso-octane in the reference fuel having the same detonation characteristics in the
CFR engine as the fuel being tested is the octane number given the fuel.
CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic). A high-strength, high-stiffness composite material made of
carbon fibers encased in a resin matrix.
CG (center of gravity). The point in an object at which all of the weight is considered to be concentrated.
The algebraic sum of the moments about the center of gravity is zero. The center of gravity may be
expressed in inches from the datum or in percent of the mean aerodynamic chord.
Center of gravity may also be thought of as the point within an object about which all the
moments trying to rotate the object are balanced.
cgs system. See centimeter-gram-second system.
chafe. To wear something away by a rubbing action.
chafer (aircraft tire component). Layers of rubberized fabric that wrap around the edges of the carcass
plies and enclose the bead area of the tire. Chafers provide good chafe resistance between the tire bead and
the wheel.
chaff (radar countermeasure). A material used to confuse enemy radar. Chaff is made of thin strips of
metal foil packaged in such a way that it can be ejected from an airplane. When the chaff is ejected, it
spreads out in the air and makes a large radar return.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 117
chafing tape. A fabric tape used to cover edges of metal sheets, screw and rivet heads, and any surface
discontinuity on an aircraft structure that is to be covered by aircraft fabric. Covering these parts with
chafing tape prevents their rubbing holes in the fabric.
chain gear. A form of toothed wheel, or sprocket, used to transmit motion from one shaft to another.
Sprockets on both shafts are joined by a roller chain, and when one shaft is turned, the roller chain pulls the
other shaft around.
　
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