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Aluminum oxide is extremely hard and is used as an abrasive.
aluminum paste (aircraft finishing material). Extremely fine flakes of aluminum suspended in a vehicle
such as an oil.
Aluminum paste is mixed with clear dope to make aluminum-pigmented dope.
aluminum-pigmented dope (aircraft finishing material). Clear aircraft dope in which tiny flakes of
aluminum are suspended.
When aluminum-pigmented dope is sprayed over the clear dope used on aircraft fabric, the tiny
flakes of aluminum spread out and form an opaque coating that prevents ultraviolet rays from the sun
damaging the clear dope and the fabric.
aluminum wool. Shavings of aluminum formed into a pad.
Aluminum wool can be used to remove corrosion products from aluminum alloy parts and also to
smooth out minor scratches on the surface of aluminum sheets or tubing.
AM (amplitude modulation). A system of changing the voltage of a radio-frequency carrier to allow it to
carry information.
The amplitude of the carrier is changed (modulated) by superimposing an information-carrying
audio-frequency signal on it. The amplitude of the modulated carrier varies in the same way as the
amplitude of the audio-frequency information wave.
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amalgam. A mixture of different elements or ingredients that have been merged into a single body as a
physical mixture, rather than a chemical compound.
Concrete is an example of an amalgam of sand, portland cement, and gravel.
amalgamate. To combine or join ingredients to form a single body.
amateur-built aircraft. Aircraft built by individuals as a hobby rather than by factories as commercial
products. Amateur-built, or homebuilt, aircraft are not required to meet the stringent requirements imposed
on FAA-certificated commercially built aircraft.
amber. A hard, yellowish, translucent, fossilized tree resin that is currently used to make small ornaments.
Centuries ago it was discovered that when a piece of amber was rubbed with wool, it attracted
small bits of straw and was thus one of the materials used in early studies of electricity.
ambient. Surrounding.
ambient air. Air that surrounds an object.
ambient air pressure. The pressure of the air that surrounds an object.
ambient air temperature. The temperature of the air surrounding an object.
ambient light. The visible light that falls on a surface.
ambiguity. Not having a clear meaning. In radio navigation, 180° ambiguity is an error inherent in some of
the simpler types of direction finding equipment. Because of this error, the equipment does not show
whether the station being received is directly ahead of or directly behind the aircraft.
AMC (automatic mixture control). The device in a fuel metering system such as a carburetor or fuel
injection system that keeps the fuel-air mixture ratio constant as the density of the air changes with altitude.
American Standards. Dimensional standards for fasteners issued by the American Standards Association
(ASA).
American Wire Gage. See AWG.
americium. A chemical element in the actinide series.
The symbol for americium is Am, its atomic number is 95, and the mass number of its isotope
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having the longest half life is 243.
ammeter. An instrument installed in series with an electrical load to measure the amount of current
flowing through the load.
Ammeters which measure very small rates of flow are called milliammeters (thousandths of an
ampere) and microammeters (millionths of an ampere).
ammeter shunt. A low-resistance precision resistor installed in parallel with an ammeter between a source
of electrical energy and an electrical load to allow the meter to read a flow of current which exceeds the
limit of the instrument.
Most of the current in the circuit flows through the shunt and produces a voltage drop. The
ammeter, acting as a millivoltmeter, measures the voltage drop across the shunt and indicates, on a special
scale, the amount of current flowing through the circuit.
ammonia. A pungent, invisible gas made up of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen (NH3).
Ammonia becomes a liquid at -28°F and freezes at -107.6°F.
Ammonia is used to case harden steel by the nitriding process. In this process, the ammonia
combines with aluminum, which has been alloyed with the steel, to form aluminum nitride. Aluminum
nitride gives the steel a very hard surface.
amorphous. Without shape (“a” means without, and “morphous” means shape) or without a definite
character or nature.
Clay is a form of amorphous soil, but sand, which is made of crystals, is not amorphous. The
　
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