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circumscribed circle. A circle drawn around the outside of a regular polygon in such a way that all the
points of the polygon touch the circumference of the circle.
cirriform (meteorology). All species and varieties of cirrus, cirrocumulus, and cirrostratus clouds.
Cirriform clouds are composed mostly or entirely of small ice crystals, usually transparent and white.
Cirriform clouds often produce a halo around the sun or moon that is not observed with other cloud forms.
The average height of cirriform clouds range upward from 20,000 feet in the middle latitudes.
cirrocumulus (meteorology). A cirriform cloud that appears as a thin sheet of small white puffs
resembling flakes or patches of cotton without shadows. Cirrocumulus clouds are sometimes confused with
altocumulus.
cirrostratus (meteorology). A cirriform cloud that appears as a whitish veil, usually fibrous, but
sometimes smooth. Cirrostratus may totally cover the sky, and often forms a halo around the sun or moon.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 127
cirrus (meteorology). A cirriform cloud in the form of thin, white featherlike patches or narrow bands.
Cirrus clouds have a fibrous and/or silky sheen. Large ice crystals often trail downward for a considerable
vertical distance in fibrous, slanted, or irregularly curved wisps called mare’s tails.
cistern. A reservoir used to store a liquid. The container for the mercury in a mercury barometer is called a
cistern.
civil aircraft. 14 CFR Part 1: “Aircraft other than public aircraft.”
civil twilight. The period of time before sunrise and after sunset when the sun is not more than six degrees
below the horizon.
clad aluminum. A sheet of aluminum alloy which has a coating of pure aluminum rolled on one or both of
its sides.
Aluminum alloys corrode easily, but pure aluminum does not. By rolling a thin coating of pure
aluminum onto the surface of an alloy sheet, the high strength of the alloy and the corrosion resistance of
pure aluminum may be combined. Because the pure aluminum coating is weaker than the alloy sheet,
cladding slightly reduces the strength of the material.
cladding. A method of protecting aluminum alloys from corrosion by rolling a coating of pure aluminum
onto the surface of the alloy. Cladding is done in the rolling mill.
clamp-on ammeter (electrical measuring instrument). A hand-held ammeter for measuring the amount
of alternating current flowing in a circuit without opening the circuit.
The jaws of the ammeter are opened and slipped over the current-carrying wire and then clamped
shut. The magnetic field caused by the current flowing through the wire induces a voltage in the ammeter
jaws, proportional to the amount of current flowing in the circuit.
clamshell device. A mechanism having two doors which open on opposite sides of the device in the same
way the shell of a clam opens. See clamshell thrust reverser.
clamshell thrust reverser (turbojet engine component). A thrust reverser that fits in the exhaust system
of a turbojet engine.
In normal operation, the clamshell doors form a part of the tail pipe, but when the reverser is
deployed, the doors move into position to block the normal tail pipe and duct the exhaust gases around so
they flow forward to oppose the forward movement of the aircraft.
claret red. A dark or grayish purplish red to dark purplish pink.
class (aircraft classification). 14 CFR Part 1:
“(1) As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means
a classification of aircraft within a category having similar operating characteristics. Examples include:
single engine; multiengine; land; water; gyroplane; helicopter; airship; and free balloon; and
(2) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft, means a broad grouping of aircraft having
similar characteristics of propulsion, flight, or landing. Examples include: airplane; rotorcraft; glider;
balloon; landplane; and seaplane.”
Class A airspace. Generally, that airspace from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL 600, including the
airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles of the coast of the 48 contiguous States and Alaska;
and designated international airspace beyond 12 nautical miles of the coast of the 48 contiguous States and
Alaska within areas of domestic radio navigational signal or ATC radar coverage, and within which
domestic procedures are applied.
class-A amplifier (electronic amplifier). An electronic amplifier whose output current flows at all times.
The output of a class-A amplifier has the same waveform as the input, but the amplitude of the output is
greater.
Class A fire. A fire involving solid combustible materials such as wood, paper, and cloth as its fuel.
　
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