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Kirchhoff’s voltage law. One of the basic laws of electrical circuits stating that the algebraic sum of all of
the voltage drops in any closed circuit is equal to zero. Another way to think of this is that the sum of all
the voltage drops in a circuit is equal to the sum of the voltage sources in the circuit.
kite (form of flying machine). A captive flying machine made of a lightweight framework covered with
paper or cloth. The kite is tethered to the ground and is held up by aerodynamic lift produced as air flows
over its surface. 14 CFR Part 1: “A framework, covered with paper, cloth, metal, or other material,
intended to be flown at the end of a rope or cable, and having as its only support the force of the wind
moving past its surfaces.”
klystron (electronic component). An electron tube used as an oscillator or amplifier of micro-wave
energy.
K-monel. An alloy of nickel, copper, and aluminum. K-monel is nonmagnetic, heat-treatable, corrosion
resistant, and has high strength.
knife-edge. A device having a sharp edge of hardened steel that resembles the edge of a knife. Knife-edges
are used as fulcrums in many types of precision balancing instruments.
knife switch (electrical component). A type of electrical switch having a movable blade (the knife) for
one of the terminals and two contacts that are spring-loaded together for the other terminal. When the blade
is between the contacts, the switch is closed, and current flows in the circuit. When the blade is lifted from
the contacts, the switch is open, and no current flows. Knife switches are seldom used in aircraft electrical
circuits.
knock (reciprocating engine operation). A loud rattling noise inside the cylinders of a reciprocating
engine caused by shock waves produced by detonating fuel. The fuel-air mixture burning inside a cylinder
is supposed to move across the face of the piston with a smooth flame front. But if the wrong type or wrong
amount of fuel is used, the fuel-air mixture ahead of the flame front gets so hot it explodes.
The explosion, called detonation, causes shock waves and produces a tremendous amount of
pressure in the cylinder. The resultant stresses can damage the engine.
knot (measure of speed). A measure of speed used in aerial navigation. One knot is equal to one nautical
mile per hour.
One knot = 1.151 statute miles per hour
= 1.688 feet per second
= 1.852 kilometers per hour
= 0.5144 meters per second
knot (wood). A hard, usually round section of a tree branch embedded in a board. The grain of the knot is
perpendicular to the grain of the board. Knots decrease the strength of the board and must be avoided where
strength is needed.
“Known traffic” (air traffic control). When used as part of an ATC clearance, this means aircraft whose
altitude, position, and intentions are known to ATC.
knuckle pin (radial engine component). A short, high-strength, polished steel pin that connects a link rod
in a radial engine to the master rod. A radial engine has only one throw on the crankshaft for each row of
cylinders. Only one connecting rod (the master rod) goes around the throw of the crankshaft and connects
one piston to the crankshaft.
The pistons in the other cylinders are connected to the master rod by link rods (articulated rods),
and the link rods are connected to the master rod with knuckle pins.
knurl. A type of finish used on the handle of some metal tools to keep the handle from slipping in your
hands. Knurling is done by pressing a special tool against the handle while it is being turned in a lathe.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
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Kollsman window. The barometric scale window of a sensitive altimeter. See barometric scale.
Koroseal lacing. A plastic lacing material that is available in round or rectangular cross sections and is
used for holding wire bundles and tubing together. It holds tension on knots indefinitely and is impervious
to petroleum products.
kraft paper. A tough brown wrapping paper, like that used for paper bags.
Krueger flaps (aircraft flight control). A form of leading-edge flap used on the wings of some
high-performance airplanes. When a Krueger flap is retracted into the wing, the leading edge has the shape
that allows efficient high-speed flight.
When the airplane is prepared for landing or takeoff, the Krueger flaps are extended, and they
deflect the airflow into the trailing-edge flaps. The combination of leading-edge and trailing-edge flaps
allows the airplane wing to develop its needed lift at the lowest possible airspeed.
krypton. A colorless, odorless, tasteless, inert, gaseous chemical element. Krypton’s symbol is Kr, its
　
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