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through the flutes, and chips move up through the flutes to keep the hole clean.
flutter (flight condition). Rapid and uncontrolled oscillation of a flight control surface on an aircraft
caused by a dynamically unbalanced condition. Flutter normally causes the loss of the control surface and a
crash.
flux (magnetism). Lines of magnetic flux are the same as lines of magnetic force.
flux (soldering flux). A material used to prepare a metal so it will accept solder. There are two basic types
of flux used with soft solder: acid and resin. Muriatic acid, a form of hydrochloric acid, is used to prepare
steel for soldering. The acid cleans the metal by removing oxides from the surface, and etches, or roughens,
the surface of the cleaned metal so the solder will stick to it.
Resin is used as a flux for soldering copper wires. The wires must be clean and the joint
mechanically sound. When the joint is heated, the resin, which melts at a lower temperature than the solder,
flows out ahead of the solder. The flux covers the metal, preventing oxygen reaching the heated metal and
forming oxides.
Acid must never be used for soldering any type of electrical equipment because of the difficulty of
removing the acid after the soldering is completed. Unless every trace of the acid is removed, corrosion will
form.
flux density (magnetism). The number of lines of magnetic flux in a unit of area.
flux gate. See flux valve.
flux valve (earth induction compass component). A special transformer that receives a directional signal
from the earth’s magnetic field and directs it into an amplifier and then into a gyro-stabilized compass
indicator. A flux valve is also called a flux gate.
fly-by-wire (flight control system). A method of control used by some modern aircraft in which control
movement or pressures exerted by the pilot are directed into a digital computer where they are input into a
program tailored to the flight characteristics of the aircraft. The computer output signal is sent to actuators
at the control surfaces to move them the optimum amount for the desired maneuver.
fly cutter (hole-cutting tool). An adjustable hole cutter turned in a drill press. The cutting tool is set so its
distance from the center of the pilot drill is exactly that needed for the radius of the hole. The pilot drill cuts
the center hole, and the cutting tool is fed very slowly into the metal. The cutting tool can be reversed in the
holder so the edge of the hole being cut will be either straight or beveled.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 259
“Fly heading…degrees” (air traffic control). Instructions issued by ATC to a pilot directing him to turn
to and continue in a specific compass direction.
flying boat. An airplane whose fuselage is built in the form of a boat hull to allow it to land and takeoff
from water. Most flying boats have small floats mounted out near the wing tips to support the wing when
the aircraft is at rest on the water.
In the past, flying boats were a popular form of large airplane for long distance flights, but their
inefficiency caused them to become almost extinct after the end of World War II, when there were land
airports with long runways scattered throughout the world.
flying wing. A type of heavier-than-air aircraft that has no fuselage or separate tail surfaces. The engines
and useful load are carried inside the wing, and movable control surfaces on the trailing edge provide both
pitch and roll control.
flyweights (speed sensors). Speed sensors used in many types of governors and speed-control devices. A
typical flyweight is an L-shaped arm, pivoted at the center, and mounted on a spinning plate. There are
usually two or three flyweights mounted on the same plate. A control rod is held against the flyweight by a
control, or speeder, spring.
When the plate is not spinning, the speeder spring holds the control rod down, and the toes of the
flyweights rest against the plate. This is called the underspeed condition.
When the plate is spinning and the pressure of the speeder spring is weak, centrifugal force causes
the flyweights to sling out and lift the control rod. This is called the overspeed condition.
When the centrifugal force on the flyweights exactly balances the compressive force of the
speeder spring, the flyweights stand straight up, and the control rod is in a middle position. This is called
the onspeed condition.
flywheel. A heavy wheel used to smooth the pulsations in a drive system. A reciprocating engine delivers
its power in a series of pushes as each cylinder, in turn, goes through its power stroke. A heavy flywheel
stores kinetic energy from each power stroke and gives it back by keeping the engine turning between
　
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