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associated with departure.
estimated time en route. See ETE.
estimated time of arrival. See ETA.
ETA (estimated time of arrival) (air traffic control). The time the flight is estimated to arrive at the gate,
for scheduled operators, or at the actual runway for nonscheduled operators.
etch. To chemically eat away part of a material. The surface of clad aluminum alloy sheet must be etched
to microscopically roughen it before it is painted so the primer can bond tightly to it.
ETE (estimated time en route) (air traffic control). The estimated flying time from departure point to
destination (lift-off to touchdown).
ethanol. Alcohol made from cereal grains such as corn.
ether. A volatile, highly flammable liquid that may be used to prime the cylinders of an aircraft engine for
starting under extremely cold conditions.
ethylene dibromide. A colorless poisonous liquid, BrCH2CH2Br, added to aviation gasoline to minimize
lead fouling of the spark plugs. Tetraethyl lead improves the antidetonation characteristics of aviation
gasoline, but it leaves lead deposits inside the spark plugs. Ethylene dibromide combines with the lead
before it solidifies and changes it into volatile lead bromides, which pass out with the exhaust gases.
ethylene glycol. A form of alcohol used as a coolant for liquid-cooled aircraft engines and as an anti-icing
agent. It is also used in automobile engines as a permanent antifreeze.
ETOPS (extended-range twin operations). A rating accompanied by a time limit, such as 180-minute
ETOPS, that allows twin-engine civil transport aircraft to fly over oceans and deserts provided it is never
more than 180 minutes away from a suitable airfield.
europium. A silvery-white, soft, malleable, rare-earth chemical element. Europium’s symbol is Eu, its
atomic number is 63, and its atomic weight is 151.96. Europium is used as a dopant for laser technology
and as an absorber of neutrons in nuclear research.
eutectic. An alloy or solution whose composition gives it the lowest possible melting point. Solder, for
example, is an alloy of lead and tin. Lead has a melting point of 327°C, and tin melts at 232°C. When tin
and lead are combined in an alloy of 63 parts of tin and 37 parts lead, the alloy is eutectic, and it melts at a
temperature of 188°C.
evacuated bellows (pressure instrument reference). A stack of metal bellows used as a reference for
measuring atmospheric pressure. These bellows, made of circularly corrugated bronze disks, have nearly all
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 230
the air pumped out of them.
The pressure of the atmosphere compresses the bellows against their inherent spring action, and
changes in atmospheric pressure can be measured by measuring the changes in the thickness of the bellows
stack.
evacuation (refrigeration system servicing). A procedure in servicing vapor-cycle cooling systems in
which a vacuum pump is used to remove all of the air from the system. Evacuation removes all traces of
water vapor that could condense out, freeze, and block the system.
evaporation. The physical change of state of a material from a liquid into a gas.
evaporative cooling. See steam cooling.
evaporator (air condition system component). The component in a vapor-cycle air conditioning system
in which the refrigerant absorbs heat from the aircraft cabin.
The refrigerant in the evaporator coils is a liquid in the form of tiny droplets. Warm air from the
cabin blows through the fins on the coils, and heat from this air is absorbed by the refrigerant, changing the
droplets of liquid into a vapor. The heat used to make this change is taken from the air and as a result the
air passing through the evaporator is cooled.
exceedance condition. A condition in which a parameter sensed by the EICAS exceeds the limits for
which it is programmed. See EICAS.
exciter (electrical generator). A device used to generate DC electricity to produce electromagnetism in the
field of an alternator or generator.
exclusive OR gate (logic gate). A digital logic device having two or more inputs and only one output.
There is a logic high on the output when one and only one input has a logic high.
“Execute missed approach” (air traffic control instruction). An instruction issued to a pilot on an
instrument approach, directing him to continue inbound to the missed-approach point and then to execute
the missed-approach procedure, as described on the Instrument Approach Procedure Chart or as previously
assigned by ATC.
exerciser jack (aircraft landing gear maintenance tool). A hydraulic jack placed under the landing gear
shock absorber while it is being filled with oil. The jack moves the piston in and out of the shock absorber
　
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