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and hold short (LAHSO) clearance is not authorized to proceed. The hold-short point may be located prior
to an intersecting runway, taxiway, predetermined point, or approach/departure flight path.
hold-short position lights (air traffic control). Flashing in-pavement white lights located at specific
hold-short points.
hold-short position marking (air traffic control). The painted runway marking located at the hold-short
point on all land and hold short (LAHSO) runways.
hold-short position signs (air traffic control). Red and white holding position signs located alongside the
hold-short point.
hole (semiconductor device). A concept used to explain the action that takes place in a semiconductor
material. A hole is a location in a covalent atomic bond where there should be an electron, but where there
is none.
Holes are the mobile charges in a piece of P-type semiconductor material, and since they are
located where an electron (a negative charge) should be, they act as positive charges. See acceptor atom.
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hole finder (sheet metal hand tool). A hand tool used in sheet metalwork that allows a technician to locate
a rivet hole in a new sheet metal skin so the hole will be directly in line with a hole already existing in the
structure being repaired.
The tool consists of a drill guide directly in line with a pilot pin and space for the undrilled skin to
slip between the guide and the pin. The tool is slipped over the edge of the skin and the pilot pin inserted in
the existing rivet hole. A hole drilled through the drill guide is directly in line with the existing rivet hole.
hollow drill. A drill with a hole through its center. Air or liquid lubricant can be pumped through a hollow
drill into the hole being drilled, to make it easier for the drill to cut, and to remove chips from the hole.
holmium. A relatively soft, malleable, stable, rare-earth chemical element. Holmium’s symbol is Ho, its
atomic number is 67, and its atomic weight is 164.93. Holmium has a melting point of around 1,500°C.
homebuilt aircraft. Aircraft that are built by individuals as a hobby rather than by factories as commercial
products. Homebuilt, or amateur-built, aircraft are not required to meet the stringent requirements imposed
on the manufacturer of FAA-certificated aircraft.
homing (aircraft flight). Flight toward a navaid without a wind correction being applied. This is done by
adjusting the aircraft heading to maintain a relative bearing of zero degrees between the navaid and the
nose of the aircraft.
hone. A fine abrasive stone. Hones are used to sharpen cutting tools and to smooth a surface by wearing
away surface roughness.
honeycomb (structural material). A type of material used as the core for laminated structural panels.
Honeycomb may be made from aluminum foil, fiberglass cloth, or paper. It is made with a series of
hexagonal (six-sided) compartments joined together in such a way that they look much like the comb
produced by the honeybee.
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Honeycomb has almost no strength against side loads, but it has an exceptional strength against
loads applied in line with its openings. Honeycomb material is sliced to the proper thickness and bonded
between face sheets of thin sheet metal or fiberglass reinforced plastic resin. Laminated honeycomb
material is rigid, strong, and lightweight.
honing. A method of removing a very small amount of material from a metal surface by abrading the
surface with a fine stone. Honing is used to produce a smooth finish on a surface, or to produce a sharp
edge on a knife or chisel.
honing (cylinder wall treatment). Scratching the surface of the cylinder wall with an abrasive stone to
produce a series of grooves of microscopic depth and uniform pattern. The honed pattern holds oil to
lubricate the cylinder walls.
Hooke’s law. A basic law of physics that deals with the relationship between stress and strain. Hooke’s law
explains that the strain within a material (the amount the material deforms) is directly proportional to the
amount of stress that causes the deformation. This is true only until the material reaches its elastic limit.
When the stress that strains a material within its elastic limit is removed, the material will return to
its original size and shape. But, if the material is strained beyond its elastic limit, it will not return to its
original size and shape, but will be permanently deformed.
hook rule. A steel scale with a projection off of one end of the scale at the zero position. A hook rule is
used to measure to the edge of a piece of material that has a radius on its edges.
　
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