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provides a positive fuel shutoff when the engine is shut down. By shutting off the fuel at the manifold valve,
the lines to the injector nozzles are kept full of fuel.
fuel injection system (reciprocating engine). A form of fuel metering system for a reciprocating engine
that injects the fuel directly into the cylinder, rather than mixing it with the air before it is taken in through
the intake valve. There are two types of fuel injection systems in use, the direct injection system and the
continuous-flow injection system.
The direct injection system, such as is used in a diesel engine, sprays the fuel into the cylinder
under high pressure. The fuel is atomized by the spray for better combustion.
The continuous-flow fuel injection system used on many of the modern horizontally opposed
aircraft engines is not a true injection system. It meters the fuel and delivers it under a low pressure to the
outside of the intake valve. This fuel, along with the necessary air for combustion, is pulled into the
cylinder when the intake valve opens.
fuel jettison system. The portion of an aircraft fuel system that allows fuel to be dumped from the tanks to
lower the landing weight so a safe landing can be made. Some aircraft are certificated with a higher takeoff
weight than is allowed for landing. If an emergency requires such an airplane to return for a landing before
enough fuel is used from the tanks to lower the weight enough for landing, fuel may be dumped.
Boost pumps in the fuel tanks move the fuel from the tank into a fuel manifold. From the fuel
manifold it flows away from the aircraft through dump chutes in each wing tip. The dumped fuel
evaporates and is diluted by the air, so it causes no danger to people on the ground. Fuel jettison systems
are designed and constructed in such a way that they are free from fire hazards.
fuel load. The expendable part of the load of the aircraft. Fuel load includes only the fuel that is usable in
flight.
fuel nozzle (gas turbine engine component). The nozzle in a gas turbine engine combustor through which
the fuel is discharged. The spray pattern from the fuel nozzle is such that the flame is always centered in the
burner so it will not overheat it.
fuel-oil heat exchanger (gas turbine engine component). A heat exchanger used on turbine engines to
take heat from the engine oil and put it into the fuel. The fuel flows through tubes that pass through the hot
engine oil. Heat from the oil enters the fuel and raises its temperature, and at the same time, the temperature
of the oil is lowered.
“Fuel remaining” (air traffic control). A phrase used by either pilots or controllers that relates to the fuel
remaining on board until actual fuel exhaustion. When transmitting such information in response to either a
controller question or pilot initiated cautionary advisory to air traffic control, pilots will state the
approximate number of minutes the flight can continue with the fuel remaining. All reserve fuel should be
included in the time stated, as should an allowance for established fuel gage system error.
fuel syphoning. Unintentional release of fuel from an aircraft, caused by overflow, puncture, loose tank
caps, etc.
fuel totalizer. A fuel quantity indicator that gives the total amount of fuel remaining on board the aircraft
on one instrument. The totalizer adds the quantities of fuel in all of the tanks.
fulcrum. The point about which a lever balances.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 269
full-bodied (finishing system component condition).
Not thinned.
full-register position (aircraft magneto timing). The position of the rotating magnet in an aircraft
magneto in which the poles of the magnet are aligned with the pole shoes. The maximum number of lines
of flux pass from the magnet through the core of the coil when the magnet is in its full-register position.
full-rich (fuel metering system condition). The position of the mixture control in the fuel metering system
of a reciprocating engine that meters the maximum amount of fuel to the engine.
full-scale drawing (mechanical drawing). A drawing of a part drawn to the full size of the part.
full-wave rectifier (electronic circuit). A type of rectifier circuit used to change alternating current into
direct current that uses both the positive and negative alternation of the AC.
fully articulated rotor. A helicopter rotor whose blades are attached to the hub in such a way that they are
free to flap, drag, and feather. See each of these terms.
functional test. A test given to a component or system to determine whether or not it functions as it should.
A functional test is not a quantitative test.
fundamental frequency (vibration frequency). Vibration of a mechanical object that has the lowest
　
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