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the two ends.
MOCA (minimum obstruction clearance altitude) (air traffic control). The lowest published altitude in
effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off-airway routes, or route segments which meets obstacle
clearance requirements for the entire route segment and which assures acceptable navigational signal
coverage only within 25 statute (22 nautical) miles of a VOR.
mock-up. A full-sized imitation of a real device. Mock-ups of complex and costly devices, such as aircraft
and space vehicles, are built to assure that all the different systems and components will work properly
when they are installed in the actual vehicle.
Mock-ups can also be a portion of a complete device used as a training aid. In this regard, the
control system and instruments of an aircraft or spacecraft can be made into a mock-up, so flight crews can
be trained before the actual vehicle is ready for flight.
mode C intruder alert (air traffic control). A function of certain air traffic control automatic systems
designed to alert radar controllers to existing or pending situations between a tracked target (known IFR or
VFR aircraft) and an untracked target (unknown IFR or VFR aircraft) that requires immediate attention or
action.
modem. A MOdulator-DEModulator used to connect two computers by way of telephone lines. Digital
information from one computer is changed into tones for transmission over the phone lines. This is the
function of the modulator. At the receiver end, the tones are changed back into digital information for the
other computer to process. This is called demodulation.
modification. An alteration or change made to the basic design of a product or component. If the basic
design of an airplane calls for the installation of a particular engine, the change of the design so another
engine can be installed is a modification of the original design.
modify. To change something. If a schedule requiring something to be done every six days is changed to
require it to be done every ten days, the schedule has been modified.
modular engine construction (gas turbine engines). The method of construction used on most modern
gas turbine engines. The engine is made up of several modules, or units, that can be removed and replaced
or serviced independent of the rest of the engine.
modular maintenance. A form of maintenance used on many types of complex machinery and equipment.
Modular equipment is made in units (modules) that can be removed and replaced with another module in a
minimum of time and with a minimum of equipment. The malfunctioning module can then be taken to a
facility in which specialists using sophisticated equipment can isolate the problem and fix it.
Modern turbine engines and most sophisticated electronic equipment are made to allow for
modular maintenance.
modular structure. A structure built in standard units, or modules.
modulate (radio communications). In radio communications, to modulate means to change some
characteristic, such as amplitude, frequency, or phase of an alternating current wave.
A radio-frequency (RF) wave having a constant amplitude can be amplitude modulated (AM) by
an audio-frequency (AF) voltage changing the amplitude of the RF wave in the same way the amplitude of
the AF signal varies. The changes in voltage of the modulated RF wave can be used to produce a varying
AF voltage. This process is called demodulation.
modulated light. Light whose intensity is changed by an audio-frequency AC voltage. When modulated
light shines on a photoelectric cell, the output of the cell changes in the same way as the intensity of the
modulated light.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 390
modulator (electronic circuit). The circuit in a radio transmitter that modulates the carrier, or places
information (data) on the signal being transmitted.
moiré. An independent pattern formed when two regular geometric patterns are superimposed (one placed
on top of the other), with the one on top not exactly lined up with the one on the bottom.
A moiré pattern is formed when a piece of transparent film having a series of closely spaced
straight lines is placed at a slight angle over a print of the same size lines with the same spacing.
moisture. Water contained in a mass of air. The water may be in the form of vapor, or it may be tiny
droplets of haze, mist, or fog.
moisture separator (pneumatic system component). A component in a high-pressure pneumatic system
that removes most of the water vapor from the compressed air. When the compressed air is used, its
pressure is dropped, and this pressure drop causes a drop in temperature. If any moisture were allowed to
remain in the air, it would freeze and block the system.
　
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