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charts that identify the beginning of the initial approach segment(s).
IAP (instrument approach procedure). A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of
an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a
point from which a landing may be made visually.
IAS (indicated airspeed). The speed an aircraft is moving through the air as is shown on the air-speed
indicator, before any corrections for errors or nonstandard conditions are made.
I-beam. A piece of structural material having a cross-sectional shape that resembles the letter “I.” I-beams
used in aircraft structure may be extruded or built up from aluminum alloys, or they may be made of wood.
Wooden I-beams may be either built up of several pieces of wood or shaped by removing some of the wood
from the sides of the beam with a router.
IC (integrated circuit). A combination of electronic components built onto a single substrate of
semiconductor material. Transistors, diodes, capacitors, and resistors are all built onto a tiny chip and
mounted in a protective package that allows the circuit to connect with other components or devices.
Logic gates, rectifiers, amplifiers, microprocessors, and semiconductor memory circuits can all be
built as integrated circuits. The development of integrated circuits has made miniature electronics possible.
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization). A specialized agency of the United Nations whose
objective is to develop the principles and techniques of international air navigation and to foster planning
and development of international civil air transport. The term ICAO is normally pronounced as a single
word (eye-kay-o), rather than using the entire name or the initials.
icebox rivet (aircraft fastener). A solid aircraft rivet made of 2017 or 2024 aluminum alloy. These rivets
are too hard to drive in the condition they are received from the manufacturer, and they must be
heat-treated to soften them. They are heated in a furnace and then quenched in water. Immediately after
quenching, they are soft, but within a few hours at room temperature, they become quite hard.
Hardening can be delayed for several days by immediately placing the rivets in a subfreezing
icebox and holding them at this low temperature until they are used.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 311
ice bridging. A spark plug failure that occurs when a reciprocating engine is started in extremely cold
weather. When a cylinder fires, the fuel-air mixture is converted into carbon dioxide and water vapor. The
water vapor condenses on the spark plug electrodes and forms ice that bridges the electrode gap and
prevents the plug firing until the ice is melted. This normally requires removing the spark plugs from the
engine.
ice crystals (meteorology). A type of precipitation composed of unbranched ice crystals in the form of
needles, columns, or plates. Ice crystals normally have a slight downward motion and may fall from a
cloudless sky.
ice fog (meteorology). An obstruction to visibility caused by tiny ice crystals, rather than the tiny droplets
of water that make up ordinary fog. Ice fog occurs at very low temperatures and may cause a halo.
ice light (aircraft light). A light mounted on the fuselage of an airplane in such a way that it shines on the
leading edge of the wing. This light allows the pilot to check for the buildup of ice on the wing while flying
through icing conditions at night.
ice needles (meteorology). A long, thin ice crystal with a hexagonal cross section.
ice pellets (meteorology). Small, transparent or translucent, round or irregularly shaped pellets of ice. Ice
pellets may be hard grains that rebound on striking a hard surface or may be pellets of snow encased in ice.
ice. The solid state of water. If enough heat is removed from liquid water to drop its temperature to 0°C
(32°F), the molecules moving about in the water will slow down enough that the water will change from a
liquid into a solid. This solid form of water is called ice.
icing (meteorology). Ice forming on an aircraft. Classifications of icing are: clear, rime, and glaze.
ident (air traffic control). A request by ATC for a pilot to activate the radar beacon transponder
identification feature.
ident feature (radar beacon transponder). The special feature in the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon
System (ATCRBS) equipment used to immediately distinguish one displayed beacon target from other
beacon targets.
IDG (integrated drive generator). An AC generator installed on turbine engines. An IDG incorporates a
brushless, three-phase AC generator and a constant-speed drive in a single component.
　
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