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outside thereof; or between places in the same territory or possession of the United States, or the District of
Columbia.”
interstate air transportation. 14 CFR Part 1: “The carriage by aircraft of persons or property as a
common carrier for compensation or hire, or the carriage of mail by aircraft in commerce:
(1) Between a place in a State or the District of Columbia and another place in another State or the
District of Columbia.
(2) Between places in the same State through the airspace over any place outside that State; or
(3) Between places in the same possession of the United States;
Whether that commerce moves wholly by aircraft or partially by aircraft and partly by other forms
of transportation.”
intertropical convergence zone (meteorology). The boundary zone between the trade wind system of the
northern and southern hemispheres. It is characterized in maritime climates by showery precipitation, with
cumulonimbus clouds sometimes extending to great heights.
intrastate air transportation. 14 CFR Part 1: “The carriage of persons or property as a common carrier
for compensation or hire, by turbojet-powered aircraft capable of carrying thirty or more persons, wholly
within the same state of the United States.”
Invar. The registered trade name for an alloy of 63.8% iron, 36% nickel, and 0.2% carbon. Invar has a high
relative resistance and a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. Invar is used for wire-wound resistors.
inverse peak voltage. The peak, or maximum, voltage applied across a rectifier during the half cycle of
alternating current when the rectifier is not conducting.
inverse ratio. A ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 330
inverse square law. A law of physics that applies to several natural conditions, such as the strength of a
magnetic field, the amount of light falling on a surface, and the intensity of sound pressure. When referring
to the strength of a magnetic field, the inverse square law states that the strength of the field varies
inversely (the strength decreases as the distance increases) as the square of the distance between the pole
and the point at which the strength is measured.
For example, if we double the distance (make it two times as great), the magnetic strength is
decreased to a value of one-fourth its original strength. One-fourth is the inverse square of two.
inverse voltage (electrical rectifier). The voltage applied to a rectifier during the half cycle in which it
does not conduct.
inversion (meteorology). An increase in temperature with height. An inversion is a reversal of the normal
decrease in temperature with height in the troposphere.
inverted engine (reciprocating engine). An in-line or V-type reciprocating engine installed in an aircraft
with the crankshaft and crankcase above the cylinders.
inverted spin (aircraft flight maneuver). An acrobatic flight maneuver in which an aircraft spins in an
inverted attitude.
inverter (electrical component). An electrical component which changes direct current into alternating
current. A rotary inverter is a form of motor-generator unit in which a DC motor drives an AC generator. A
static inverter is a solid-state oscillator-amplifier combination.
inverter (logic device). A logic device with one input and one output. The logic state of the output is
always opposite that of the input. An inverter is sometimes called a negator, or a NOT function.
invert. To turn something upside down.
iodine. A lustrous, grayish-black, corrosive, poisonous chemical element. Iodine’s symbol is I, its atomic
number is 53, and its atomic weight is 126.9044. Iodine is used as a germicide, an antiseptic, and a
component in dyes.
ion. An atom with an imbalance between its electrons and its protons. A balanced atom has the same
number of protons (positive electrical charges) in its nucleus as it has electrons (negative electrical charges)
surrounding the nucleus. If a balanced atom loses an electron, it becomes a positive ion. If it gains an extra
electron, it becomes a negative ion.
ion engine. A form of reaction engine that produces forward thrust by the rearward ejection of a stream of
ionized particles. Ion engines using ionized particles produced by nuclear reaction have been proposed for
space flight.
ionic charges. Electrical charges within a semiconductor diode that result when the mobile charges are
pulled away from the PN junction in the diode. When the free electrons in the N-material are drawn away
from the junction, a positive ionic charge is left. And when the holes in the P-material are drawn away from
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
　
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