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the fire, or by preventing the oxygen combining with the fuel. Carbon dioxide, water, Halon 1211, and
Halon 1301 are fire extinguishing agents used in aircraft fire protection systems.
fire point (chemical characteristic). The lowest temperature at which the fumes of a volatile liquid (a
liquid that evaporates easily) will ignite and continue to burn when a small flame is passed above its
surface.
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fireproof. 14 CFR Part 1:
“(1) With respect to materials and parts used to confine fire in a designated fire zone, means the
capacity to withstand at least as well as steel in dimensions appropriate for the purpose for which they are
used, the heat produced when there is a severe fire of extended duration in that zone; and
(2) With respect to other materials and parts, means the capacity to withstand the heat associated
with fire at least as well as steel in dimensions appropriate for the purpose for which they are used.”
fireproof structure. A structure built of noncombustible materials and designed so it cannot be destroyed
by fire.
fire-pull handle. The handle in an aircraft cockpit that is pulled at the first indication of an engine fire.
Pulling this handle disconnects the generator from the electrical system, shuts off the fuel and hydraulic
fluid to the engine, and closes the compressor bleed air valve. The fire extinguisher agent discharge switch
is uncovered, but it is not automatically closed.
fire resistant. 14 CFR Part 1:
“(1) With respect to sheet or structural members means the capacity to withstand the heat
associated with fire at least as well as aluminum alloy in dimensions appropriate for the purpose for which
they are used; and
(2) With respect to fluid-carrying lines, fluid system parts, wiring, air ducts, fittings, and
powerplant controls, means the capacity to perform the intended functions under the heat and other
conditions likely to occur when there is a fire at the place concerned.”
fire-resistant structure. A structure that is able to resist fire or exposure to high temperature for a
specified period of time without being destroyed or structurally damaged.
fire sleeve. A protective covering wrapped around flexible hoses installed in the engine compartments of
an aircraft. A fire sleeve does not increase the service temperature of the hose, but it protects the hose from
direct fire long enough to allow appropriate action to be taken.
fire triangle. A graphic display of the three components that must be present for a fire. These components
are: fuel, oxygen, and heat.
firewall (aircraft structural component). A bulkhead made of a fireproof material used to separate the
engine compartment from the rest of the aircraft.
firewall shutoff valve (aircraft fluid system component). A valve located on the airframe side of the
engine firewall that will completely shut off the flow of fuel, oil, or hydraulic fluid to the engine in the case
of an engine compartment fire.
fire zone. An area in an aircraft designated by the aircraft manufacturer as requiring a fire detection and/or
fire extinguishing system.
firing order (reciprocating engine). The sequence in which the cylinders of a reciprocating engine fire in
a normal cycle of operation.
firmer chisel (wood-cutting tool). A type of woodworking chisel having a thin, flat blade.
firmware (computer operations). A computer program stored in read-only memory (ROM). Programs are
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stored in ROM when they are used repeatedly; such as, for example, the operating procedures in dedicated
computers.
first-class lever. A lever in which the fulcrum is located between the force and the weight. The force and
the weight try to rotate the lever in opposite directions.
first gust (meteorology). The leading edge of a spreading downdraft, called a plow wind, in front of an
approaching thunderstorm.
fir-tree attachment. A method of attaching turbine blades into the turbine wheel. The root of the blade is
shaped like a notched-edge Christmas tree which fits loosely in a similar-shaped slot in the periphery of the
wheel. When the engine is cold, the blades are loose, but as the engine heats up, the blades tighten in the
wheel.
fisheyes (finishing system defect). A type of finishing system defect in which small, local areas of the
finish do not cure properly. These small areas resemble the eyes of a fish.
Fisheyes are caused by small specks of wax or silicone material on the surface when the finish was
sprayed on, or by contaminants that fell on the finish before it cured.
fishmouth splice (welded tubular structure). A type of splice used in a welded steel tubular structure, in
　
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