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when its base is tilted. Gyroscopes used in certain aircraft flight instruments are mounted in gimbals. Some
in single gimbals, and others in double gimbals. The gyro in a turn and slip indicator is mounted in a single
gimbal, and it senses rotation only about the vertical axis of the aircraft. The gyro in an attitude gyro
instrument is mounted in a double gimbal, and it senses rotation about both the lateral and the longitudinal
axes.
gimlet point (threaded fastener). A threaded, cone-shaped point on self-tapping sheet metal screws that
are installed through holes in several sheets of thin sheet metal.
glass cloth. Cloth woven from glass fibers. Glass cloth can be impregnated with a thermosetting resin and
cured in a mold to produce complex-shaped aircraft structural components.
glass cockpit. An aircraft instrument system that uses a few multicolor cathode-ray-tube displays to replace
a large number of mechanically actuated instruments.
glass fiber. A filament, or thread, of glass, usually less than one-thousandth of an inch (25 micrometers) in
diameter. Glass fibers, woven into cloth or packed together into a mat, are used for thermal and acoustical
insulation and for reinforcing plastic resins to make various types of molded products.
glaze (aircraft brake malfunction). A hard, glass-like coating that forms on the brake disk surface. The
friction caused by the glazed surface is not uniform, and when the brakes are applied, they grab and release
at such a high rate that they chatter or squeal. The glazed surface must be removed from a disk for the
braking to be effective.
glaze ice (meteorology). Ice that forms when large drops of water strike a surface whose temperature is
below freezing. Glaze ice is clear and heavy.
glide (aircraft flight maneuver). A flight maneuver in which an aircraft descends at a gradual angle
without the use of engine power.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 279
“Glide path…(on/above/below)” (air traffic control). Information provided by ATC to a pilot making a
PAR (precision approach radar) approach regarding the position of the aircraft relative to the descent
profile. See glide slope.
glider (type of aircraft). An aircraft having no engine, which is capable of free flight only while it is
descending through the air. Gliders are launched by towing them behind an airplane, pulling them into the
air with an automobile, or shooting them into the air with a catapult. High-performance gliders are called
sailplanes.
14 CFR Part 1: “A heavier-than-air aircraft, that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of
the air against its lifting surfaces and whose free flight does not depend principally on an engine.”
glide ratio (aircraft performance). The ratio of the forward distance traveled to the vertical distance an
aircraft descends when it is operating without power. For example, if an aircraft descends 1,000 feet while
it travels through the air for a distance of two miles (10,560 feet), it has a glide ratio of slightly more than
10:1.
glide slope (electronic navigation system). A portion of an Instrument Landing System (ILS). The glide
slope is a radio beam extending upward at angle of approximately 2 1/2° from the approach end of an
instrument runway. The glide slope provides the vertical path for the aircraft to follow when making an ILS
approach along the localizer path. The horizontal needle of the cross-pointer indicator (the ILS indicator)
shows the pilot the relative position of the aircraft as it descends along the glide slope. The glide slope is
sometimes called the glide path.
glide slope intercept altitude. The minimum altitude of an intermediate approach segment prescribed for a
precision approach which assures obstacle clearance.
glint (radar operation). A distorted radar signal which varies in amplitude from pulse to pulse. A glint is
caused by the radar beam being reflected by some rapidly moving object.
global positioning system. See GPS.
glow-discharge tube (electronic device). A glass electron tube containing a gas under a low pressure. A
high voltage across two electrodes in the tube ionizes the gas, and when electrons flow through the ionized
gas, it glows. The type of gas determines the ionization voltage and the color of the glow.
Since the ionization voltage remains constant regardless of the amount of current, glow-discharge
tubes can be used to produce a reference voltage in a voltage regulator circuit.
glow-plug igniter (gas turbine engine ignition system component). A form of turbine engine igniter
using a coil of resistance wire heated to a yellow-hot temperature by high-voltage direct current. Air is
blown through the coil, and fuel dripping on it produces a torch-like flame that ignites the fuel-air mixture
　
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