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state where, upon reaching the destination, it can accept little or no delay. This is not an emergency
situation, but merely indicates that an emergency situation is possible should any undue delay occur.
minimum fuel for weight and balance. Minimum fuel is the amount of fuel necessary for one half hour of
operation at the rated maximum-continuous power setting of the engine and, for weight and balance
purposes, is 1/12 gallon per METO (maximum-except-takeoff) horsepower. It is the maximum amount of
fuel which could be used in weight and balance computations when low fuel might adversely affect the
most critical balance conditions. To determine the weight of the minimum fuel in pounds, divide the
METO horsepower by 2.
When computing the adverse loaded center of gravity conditions of an aircraft, if the fuel pulls the
center of gravity into the correct range, the minimum fuel must be used.
minimum holding altitude. See MHA.
minimum IFR altitudes (air traffic control). Minimum altitudes for IFR operations as prescribed in 14
CFR Part 91. These altitudes are published on aeronautical charts and prescribed in Part 95 for airways and
routes, and in Part 97 for standard instrument approach procedures.
minimum navigation performance specifications. See MNPS.
minimum obstruction clearance altitude. See MOCA.
minimum reception altitude. See MRA.
minimum safe altitude warning. See MSAW.
minimum sector altitude (ICAO). The lowest altitude which may be used under emergency conditions
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 387
which will provide a minimum clearance of 300 m (1,000 feet) above all obstacles located in an area
contained within a sector of a circle of 46 km (25 NM) radius centered on a radio aid to navigation.
minimum vectoring altitude. See MVA.
minor alteration (aircraft alteration). 14 CFR Part 1: “An alteration other than a major alteration.” See
major alteration.
minor axis of an ellipse. A chord of an ellipse that passes through its center and is perpendicular to the
major axis. See ellipse.
minor diameter (threaded fastener). The diameter of a threaded fastener measured at the roots of the
threads.
minority carriers (semiconductor material). The mobile charges within semiconductor materials that are
not the majority carriers. In N-type material, holes are the minority carriers, and in P-type material,
electrons are the minority carriers. Leakage current in a reverse-biased junction is actually the flow of
minority carriers.
minor repair (aircraft maintenance). 14 CFR Part 1: “A repair other than a major repair.” See major
repair.
minuend (mathematical term). The number from which another number, called the subtrahend, is to be
subtracted. In the subtraction problem, 8 – 3 = 5, eight is the minuend, three is the subtrahend, and five is
the difference.
minus. A term that means a negative value, or a value less than zero. Minus values are indicated by using a
short dash in front of the value (–4). A minus sign (the short dash) is used in electricity to indicate a
negative condition, one in which there is an excess of electrons.
minute (angular measurement). An angle equal to one sixtieth of a degree. A complete circle is made up
of 360 degrees, or 21,600 minutes.
minute (time). A unit of time equal to one sixtieth of an hour, or sixty seconds.
mirror image. A duplicate of an object which is like the original object in all ways except that one side is
the reverse of the other: the left side is on the right, and the right side is on the left. This term is taken from
the image we see formed in a mirror. When we face a mirror, the image we see has its right side on the left
and its left side on the right.
MIS (meteorological impact statement). An unscheduled planning forecast describing conditions
expected to begin within 4 to 12 hours which may impact the flow of air traffic in a specific center’s
(ARTCC) area.
miscible. Capable of being dissolved into, or blended with, another material. Oil is highly miscible in
gasoline, but only slightly miscible or not miscible at all in water.
misfire (explosive charge). A condition in which an explosive charge fails to ignite, or to fire.
missed approach (air traffic control). A maneuver conducted by a pilot when an instrument approach
cannot be completed to a landing. The route of flight and altitude are shown on instrument approach
procedure charts. A pilot executing a missed approach prior to the missed approach point (MAP) must
continue along the final approach to the MAP.
missed approach point. See MAP.
missed approach procedure (ICAO). The procedure to be followed if the approach cannot be continued.
　
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