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and the blue light illuminates in the series of dashes. Over the middle marker, the amber light illuminates in
a series of alternate dots and dashes and the aural tone is a series of 1,300-hertz dots and dashes. The inner
marker is identified by the white light illuminating in a series of dots and a series of 3,000-hertz dots is
heard by the pilot.
married needles (helicopter operation). The needles (pointers) of a dual tachometer indicator installed in
a helicopter are said to “married” when one needle is exactly on top of the other.
One needle is driven by a tachometer generator on the engine and the other by a generator on the
transmission that senses the speed of the rotor. When the rotor-drive clutch is fully engaged and there is no
slippage, the needles are married.
Martin clip (fabric covering component). A patented wire clip used to attach aircraft fabric to the wing
ribs. A Martin clip is long piece of spring steel wire with a series of hooks bent into it at each location the
fabric should be attached to the rib cap strip. The hooks are pressed through small slits in the reinforcing
tape and the fabric and through elongated holes in the rib cap strips. The hooks lock the clip in the holes
and pull the fabric tight against the cap strip.
The use of Martin clips rather than rib stitching saves a tremendous amount of time when covering
an aircraft surface.
masking tape. Paper tape with a pressure-sensitive adhesive on one side. Masking tape has a wrinkled
texture so it will lie smoothly around a curve, and the adhesive is easily removed from a properly prepared
surface. Masking tape is used to fasten paper to parts of a surface being painted, to prevent the paint from
reaching certain areas.
Masonite. The registered trade name for a type of fiberboard. Masonite is made by exploding wood chips
in a steam gun to break them into long, individual fibers. These fibers are bonded together with lignin (a
natural adhesive in the original wood) to make a smooth, grainless sheet of material that can be used for
insulation, partitions, etc.
mass. The amount of matter, or material, in an object. To find the mass of an object, divide its weight, in
pounds, by 32.2. The constant, 32.2, is derived from the fact that a freely falling object is accelerated by the
force of gravity 32.2 feet per second each second it falls.
Mass = Weight / 32.2
mass flow rate. The product of fluid density and its linear velocity. The symbol for mass flow rate is the
letter G.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 375
massive-electrode spark plug. A type of spark plug used in aircraft reciprocating engines. A
massive-electrode spark plug has three or four nickel-alloy ground electrodes surrounding the insulated
center electrode.
Massive-electrode spark plugs provide reliable ignition under normal operating conditions, but are
replaced with fine-wire spark plugs in conditions where lead fouling is a problem.
mass production. A method of producing large numbers of identical objects by the use of specialized jigs
and fixtures. In the process of mass production, the manufacturing procedure is broken down into small
steps that can be performed by automatic machinery or that can be done quickly and repeatedly by
unskilled workers. Mass production of interchangeable parts has made the manufacture of complex
equipment possible and economical.
master cylinder (hydraulic brake system component). The cylinder in an aircraft hydraulic brake system
whose piston is moved by the pilot. When the piston is pressed into the master cylinder, hydraulic fluid is
forced into the wheel cylinder, applying the brake.
master rod (radial reciprocating engine component). The only rod in a radial engine that connects a
piston directly to the crankshaft. The crankshaft of a radial engine has only one throw for each row of
cylinders, and the large end of the master rod rides on the journal of this throw. The small end of the master
rod is connected through a wrist pin to one piston. The pistons in all the other cylinders in that row attach to
link rods (articulated rods) that connect to the master rod through knuckle pins.
master switch (aircraft electrical system). A single switch that controls electrical power to all the circuits
in an aircraft electrical system. When the master switch (a form of safety switch) is off, no circuit can be
energized.
mat (reinforced plastic component). A pack of loose glass fibers that can be impregnated with a plastic
resin to strengthen parts being formed in a mold.
matching transformer (electrical component). An electrical transformer with a turns ratio between its
coils that matches the impedance of the load to the impedance of the source of electrical power.
　
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