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in service.
intergranular corrosion. A type of corrosion which forms along the boundaries of the grains inside a
piece of metal alloy. Stress corrosion and exfoliation corrosion are types of inter-granular corrosion.
interlock. A form of automatic safety control. An interlock in a device can prevent an action from
occurring until the device is ready for the action.
An interlock can be installed on the door of a compartment so the door cannot be opened when the
equipment inside the compartment is operating. When the door is opened, the interlock switch
automatically turns the power off and discharges any high-voltage capacitors inside the housing.
intermediate fix (air traffic control). The fix that identifies the beginning of the intermediate approach
segment of an instrument approach procedure.
intermediate frequency (radio receiver). A single frequency of alternating current produced inside a
superheterodyne radio receiver. A superheterodyne receiver circuit is efficient because most of its
amplification is done with a single intermediate frequency, rather than with a wide band of frequencies.
A local oscillator inside the receiver produces an alternating current whose frequency is always a
constant amount different from the radio-frequency signal being received. When the local oscillator signal
is mixed with the received signal, two other frequencies are produced: One frequency is the sum of the two,
and the other is the difference between the two. Filters allow only the signal whose frequency is the
difference between the two to be amplified. This is the intermediate frequency, the IF.
intermediate frequency transformer (radio receiver component). An interstage coupling transformer
used in a superheterodyne radio receiver. Both the primary and secondary windings of the IF transformer
are tuned to the intermediate frequency. See intermediate frequency.
The output winding of the IF transformer feeds the input of the IF amplifier with a signal whose
frequency is that to which the IF transformer is tuned.
intermittent-duty relay or solenoid. An electrically operated relay or solenoid that must be de-energized
(the power to its operating coil must be turned off) at intervals to keep the coil from overheating. Starter
relays and relays used to operate motors that run for only a short period of time can be intermittent-duty
relays. Intermittent-duty relays cannot be used as master battery relays or light relays that must be
energized for long periods of time.
intermittent fault. A fault which occurs in a system or circuit only at certain times and under certain
conditions. Intermittent faults often do not follow a consistent pattern, and their cause is usually difficult to
determine.
intermittent load (electrical load). An electrical load that is not continuously applied to the circuit. The
landing gear retraction motor and the flap operating motor are both intermittent loads in that neither of
them are operated continuously.
internal combustion engine. A form of heat engine in which the fuel and air mixture is burned inside the
engine to heat and expand the air so it can perform work.
internal control lock (aircraft control system component). A device used to lock the flight controls of an
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 328
aircraft so they cannot be damaged by the wind. Internal locks hold the control stick or wheel and the
rudder pedals, rather than clamping the control surfaces themselves.
internally wrenching bolt. A special type of bolt having a large, cylindrical head with a flat top and a
hexagonal socket cut into it. Internally wrenching bolts are used for high-strength and high-temperature
applications.
internal resistance (batteries). Opposition to the flow of current caused by the plates of a battery. The
internal resistance of a lead-acid storage battery increases as the battery becomes discharged, and current
flowing through the higher resistance causes a voltage drop that lowers the closed-circuit voltage of the
battery.
internal supercharger (reciprocating engine component). A gear-driven centrifugal air pump installed
inside a reciprocating engine. Fuel and air are mixed in the carburetor, and the mixture is compressed by
the internal supercharger before it is distributed to the cylinders.
internal supercharger drain valve (reciprocating engine component). A pressure-operated valve in the
bottom of the internal supercharger section of a reciprocating engine that is open when the pressures inside
and outside the supercharger housing are the same. Excess fuel can drain from the engine through this
valve if the engine is flooded during the starting procedure.
internal timing (aircraft magneto operation). Correctly meshing the gears and adjusting the breaker
　
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