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disconnected, but electron pressure still remains between the plates.
This voltage across the dielectric (the voltage on the plates) is caused by electrostatic energy.
electrostatic field. The space between two bodies that have opposite electrical charges. Lines of
electrostatic force are considered to leave the negatively charged body and enter the body having the
positive charge. The strength of the electrostatic field is determined by the number of electrons that make
up the charge, and by the square of the distance separating the bodies.
electrostatics. The aspect of electricity that deals with electrical charges caused by electrons that are
stationary, or not moving. Electrodynamics is the aspect of electricity that deals with electrons in motion.
elevator (airplane control). The horizontal, movable control surface in the tail section, or empennage, of
an airplane. The elevator is hinged to the trailing edge of the fixed horizontal stabilizer. Moving the
elevator up or down, by fore-and-aft movement of the control yoke or stick, changes the aerodynamic force
produced by the horizontal tail surface.
elevator downspring. A spring in the elevator control system that produces a mechanical force that tries to
lower the elevator, and thus the nose of the airplane.
In normal flight this spring force is overcome by the aerodynamic force from the elevator trim tab.
But in slow flight with an aft CG position, the trim tab loses its effectiveness and the downspring lowers
the nose to prevent a stall.
elevon (airplane control surface). A combination elevator and aileron. Elevons are installed on the
trailing edge of a delta wing or a flying wing airplane. Fore-and-aft movement of the control yoke causes
the elevons to operate together. This causes the airplane to rotate about its lateral, or pitch, axis.
Movement of the stick or control wheel to the right or left causes the elevons to move
differentially. The left elevon moves up and the right elevon moves down. Differential movement of the
elevons causes the airplane to rotate about its longitudinal, or roll, axis.
ellipse. A figure formed when a plane cuts across the axis of a cylinder at an angle other than a right angle.
ELT (emergency locator transmitter). A small self-contained radio transmitter carried in an aircraft. If
the aircraft crashes, the force of the impact automatically sets the transmitter into operation, transmitting a
series of down-sweeping tones on the two emergency frequencies of 121.5 and 243.0 megahertz. Searchers
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 223
who receive the signal from the ELT are able to locate the wreckage by using radio direction finding
equipment.
emergency (air traffic control). A distress or an urgency condition.
emery paper. An abrasive paper made by bonding a layer of emery dust (pulverized corundum or
aluminum oxide) to one side of a sheet of flexible paper. Emery paper is used to polish or clean metal
surfaces.
emery wheel. An abrasive wheel made by molding a mixture of emery (pulverized corundum or aluminum
oxide) and a suitable binder into the form of a wheel. Emery wheels mounted on an arbor and turned by an
electric motor can be used to grind metal and shape or sharpen steel tools.
EMF (electromotive force). The force that causes electrons to move from one atom to another within an
electrical circuit. An EMF is the difference in the electrical pressure, or potential, that exists between two
points, and can be produced by converting mechanical, chemical, light, or heat energy into electrical energy.
The basic unit of electromotive force is the volt.
EMI (electromagnetic interference). Interference of radio reception by the radiation of electromagnetic
energy from a piece of electronic equipment, or from conductors carrying high-frequency alternating
current.
emitter (bipolar transistor component). The electrode in a bipolar transistor (PNP or NPN transistor) that
compares with the cathode in an electron tube. In the symbol for a bipolar transistor, the emitter is the
electrode with the arrowhead.
empennage (airplane structure). The tail section of an airplane. The empennage stabilizes the airplane in
flight and causes it to rotate about its vertical and lateral axes.
An inverted cruciform empennage consists of a fixed vertical fin with a movable rudder attached
to its trailing edge, and a fixed horizontal stabilizer with a movable elevator hinged to its trailing edge on
both sides of the fuselage.
Another type of empennage, the V-tail, has only two fixed and two movable surfaces, arranged in
the shape of the letter V. These two surfaces stabilize the airplane and rotate it about its two axes in the
same way as the three fixed and three movable surfaces.
　
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