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normal operations and shall also be such that no single failure
or malfunction could impair the ability of the system to supply
essential loads for safe operation.
F.2 Installation
Instrument and equipment installations shall comply with the
Standards of Sub-part D.
Prescribed safety and survival equipment that the crew or
passengers are expected to use or operate at the time of an
emergency shall be reliable, readily accessible and easily
identified, and its method of operation shall be plainly marked.
F.4 Navigation lights and anti-collision lights
F.4.1 The lights required by Annex 2 - Rules of the Air
to be displayed by aeroplanes in flight or operating on the
movement area of an aerodrome shall have intensities, colours,
fields of coverage and other characteristics such that they
furnish the pilot of another aircraft or personnel on the ground
with as much time as possible for interpretation and for subsequent
manoeuvre necessary to avoid a collision. In the design
of such lights, due account shall be taken of the conditions
under which they may reasonably be expected to perform
these functions.
Note.- It is likely that lights will be viewed against a variety
of backgrounds, such as typical city lighting, clear starry sky,
moonlit water and daytime conditions of low background luminance.
Furthermore, collision risk situations are most likely to
arise in terminal control areas in which aircraft are manoeuvring
in the intermediate and lower jlight levels at closing
speeds that are unlikely to exceed 900 km/h (500 kt).
F.4.2 Lights shall be installed in aeroplanes so as to
minimize the possibility that they will adversely affect the
satisfactory performance of the flight crews' duties.
Note.- In order to avoid the effects mentioned in E4.2, it
will be necessary in some cases to provide means whereby the
pilot can switch off or reduce the intensity of the jlashing lights.
F.5 Electromagnetic interference protection
Aeroplane electronic systems, particularly flight-critical and
flight-essential systems, shall be protected against electromagnetic
interference from both internal and external sources.
F.6 Ice protection
If certification for flight in icing conditions is requested, the
aeroplane shall be shown to be able to operate safely in icing
conditions likely to be encountered in all expected operating
environments.
ANNEX 8 V-F-1 13/12/07
SUB-PART G. OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION
Gl General G.2.6 Miscellaneous limitations
The operating limitations within which compliance with the Miscellaneous limitations shall include any necessary limita-
Standards of this Annex is determined, together with any other tions with respect to conditions found to be prejudicial to the
information necessary to the safe operation of the aeroplane, safety of the aeroplane (see A.2.1).
shall be made available by means of a flight manual, markings
and placards, and such other means as may effectively
accomplish the purpose. The limitations and information shall
include at least those prescribed in this sub-part. G.2.7 Flight crew limitations
G2 Operating limitations
G2.1 Limitations which there is a risk of exceeding in
flight and which are defined quantitatively shall be expressed
in suitable units and corrected if necessary for errors in
measurements so that the flight crew can, by reference to the
instruments available to them, readily determine when the
limitations are reached.
G.2.2 Loading limitations
The loading limitations shall include all limiting masses,
centres of gravity positions, mass distributions and floor
loadings (see A.2.2).
G.2.3 Airspeed limitations
The airspeed limitations shall include all speeds (see C.5) that
are limiting from the standpoint of structural integrity or flying
qualities of the aeroplane, or from other considerations. These
speeds shall be identified with respect to the appropriate
aeroplane configurations and other pertinent factors.
The flight crew limitations shall include the minimum number
of flight crew personnel necessary to operate the aeroplane,
having regard, among other things, to the accessibility to the
appropriate crew members of all necessary controls and
instruments and to the execution of the established emergency
procedures.
Note.- See Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft, Parts Z and
IZ, for the circumstances in which the jlight crew shall include
members in addition to the minimumjlight crew defined in this
Annex.
G3 Operating information and procedures
G.3.1 Types of eligible operations
The particular types of operations for which the aeroplane has
　
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