31 2 基于有限元模擬的時(shí)效成形回彈預(yù)測
板零件。
Sallah等[26 ]首次提出熱壓罐時(shí)效成形的數(shù)學(xué)模型。 Narimetla等[27 ]建立了整體壁板時(shí)效成形的有限元模型。在加載、卸載階段 ,采用線彈性薄殼有限元模型 ;時(shí)效階段采用非線性的 Maxwell黏彈性時(shí)效應(yīng)力松弛模型 ,并就時(shí)效成形的 3個(gè)階段建立了通用的數(shù)學(xué)模型。 Ho等[ 25 ,28 ]基于“統(tǒng)一理論”和時(shí)效動(dòng)力學(xué)提出統(tǒng)一的時(shí)效 2蠕變本構(gòu)方程 ,并使用 ABAQUS有限元分析軟件對(duì)鋁合金厚板蠕變時(shí)效成形進(jìn)行回彈模擬。因此 ,時(shí)效成形有限元模擬的主要流程如圖 5所示。
圖 5 壁板時(shí)效成形有限元模擬流程 Fig15 FEM simulation process of age forming of panels
. 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
4 結(jié) 論
(1)
大型機(jī)翼整體壁板時(shí)效成形工藝應(yīng)采用雙/多級(jí)時(shí)效、振動(dòng)時(shí)效等措施 ,并考慮應(yīng)力位向效應(yīng) ,以提高成形的效率 ,降低回彈 ,提高成形后壁板材料的綜合性能。
(2)
大型機(jī)翼整體壁板時(shí)效成形所用到的成形工裝 ,應(yīng)采用模塊化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、柔性化的設(shè)計(jì)和制造方法 ,以提高成形設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)制造效率和適用范圍 ,降低制造難度。
(3)
回彈是大型機(jī)翼整體壁板時(shí)效成形中的關(guān)鍵問題 ,需研究壁板時(shí)效成形有限元模擬方法 ,并建立準(zhǔn)確的蠕變 2應(yīng)力松弛本構(gòu)方程 ,以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測壁板零件的時(shí)效成形回彈。
(4)大型機(jī)翼整體壁板制造是大型飛機(jī)研制
[1] Idem K, Peddieson J. Simulation of the age forming process[J ]. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engi2 neering ,2005 ,127 (1) :1652172.
[2] Jeunechamps P P , Ho K C , Lin J , et al. A closed form technique to predict springback in creep age2forming[J ]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences , 2006 , 48
(6) :6212629.
[3] Bennett Associates. Airbus A380 takes creep forming to new levels [ EB/ OL ]. [2007208225]. http: ∥www. ben2 nettmg.co. uk/ News_Aews_Airbus_Creep_Forming_1.as2 px.
[4] Starink M J , Sinclair I , Gao N , et al. Development of new damage tolerant alloys for age2forming[J ]. Materials Sci2 ence Forum , 2002 ,3962402 :6012606.
[5] Surdon G, Gratiot E, Eberl F. Age forming development usingthe new AA2022for bottom wing application[C] ∥ The 16th AeroMat Conference and Exposition. 2005.
[6] Begomovirus diseases management for sustainable produc2 tionof tomato in the Caribbean[EB/OL]. (2005205210) [2007208225]. http : ∥cordis.europa.eu/ data/ PROJ _FP5/ ACTIONeqDndSESSIONeq112122005919ndDOCeq86nd T2 BLEN_PROJ. htm.
[7] 周賢賓 ,常和生 ,戴美云 .時(shí)效應(yīng)力松弛校形原理及其在蒙皮制造中的應(yīng)用 [J ].北京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) ,1992 , 18
(2) :65271.
Zhou Xianbin , Chang Hesheng , Dai Meiyun. Principle of
[ 12 ] 尚勇 ,張立武 ,李建康 .多級(jí)時(shí)效處理對(duì) 7175鋁合金組織和性能的影響 [J ].鋁加工 ,2005 ,162 (3) :123. Shang Yong , Zhang Liwu , Li Jiankang. Effect of multi2 stage re2aging on structure and property of 7175 aluminum alloy[J ] . Aluminium Fabrication ,2005 ,162 (3) :123. (in Chinese)
[ 13 ] Levers A. Aircraft component manufacturing tool and method: European, EP1581357[P].2005210205.
[ 14 ] ZhuAW,StarkeEA,Jr. Materialsaspectsofage2form2 ing of Al2xCu alloys[J ] . Journal of Materials Processing Technology ,2001 ,117 (3) :3542358.
[ 15 ] Zhu A W, Chen J , Starke E A, Jr. Precipitation strengthening of stress2aged Al2xCu alloys[J ]. Acta Ma2 ter ,2000 ,48 (9) :223922246.
[ 16 ] Zhu A W , Starke E A , Jr. Stress aging of Al2xCu alloys : experiment[J]. ActaMater,2001,49:228522295.
[ 17 ] Bakavos D, Prangnell P B, Dif R. A comparison of the effects of ageforming on the precipitation behavior in 2xxx , 6xxx and 7xxx aerospace alloys[J ]. Materials Fo2 rum , 2004 ,28 :1242131.
[ 18 ] 李劍 ,鄭子樵 ,陳大欽 ,等. Al2Cu合金應(yīng)力時(shí)效的動(dòng)力學(xué)研究 [J ].稀有金屬 ,2005 ,29 (4) :5392544. Li Jian , Zheng Ziqiao , Chen Daqin , et al. Kinetics study on stress aging of Al2Cualloy[J]. ChineseJournalof Rare Metals , 2005 ,29 (4) :5392544. (in Chinese)
[ 19 ] 陳大欽 ,鄭子樵 ,李世晨 ,等.外加應(yīng)力對(duì) Al2Cu及 Al2Cu2 Mg2Ag合金析出相生長的影響 [J ].金屬學(xué)報(bào) , 2004 , 40
(8) :7992804. Chen Daqin , Zheng Ziqiao , Li Shichen , et al. Effect of ex2 ternal stressonthegrowthofprecipitatesinAl2Cu and Al2
. 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
Cu2Mg2Ag alloys[J ]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica , 2004 ,40
(8) :7992804. (in Chinese)
[ 20 ] Zheng Z , Chen D , Li S , et al. effect of external stress on the growth of precipitates in Al2Cu and Al2Cu2Mg2Ag al2 loys[J]. Materials Forum,2004,28:4392444.
[ 21 ] Zheng Z Q , Chen D Q , Li S C , et al. Mechanism of stress aging in Al2Cu (2Mg2Ag) alloys[J ]. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China ,2004 ,14 (4) :7792784.
[ 22 ] 李勁風(fēng) ,鄭子樵 ,李世晨 ,等.鋁合金時(shí)效成形及時(shí)效成形鋁合金 [J ].材料導(dǎo)報(bào) ,2006 , 20 (5) :1012103. Li Jinfeng , Zheng Ziqiao ,Li Shichen , et al. Age forming of AlalloysandageformableAlalloys[J].MaterialsRevi2 ew ,2006 , 20 (5) :1012103. (in Chinese) 中國航空網(wǎng) www.k6050.com 航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn 本文鏈接地址：航空學(xué)報(bào)08大飛機(jī)專刊(19)
