31 2　飛機地面剎車運動
圖 9～圖 12為飛機在干燥跑道上著陸滑行時 ,在防滑剎車系統(tǒng)作用下 ,飛機各參數(shù)的響應(yīng)歷程 :可以看出 ,盡管由于升力減少 ,飛機機輪垂直載荷增大 ,所需的剎車力矩增大 ,但在防滑控制系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)下 ,主起輪胎滑移率始終保持在最佳滑移率附近 ,使飛機具有較高剎車效率 ;由于地面作用力的變化 ,彈性起落架在著陸和剎車的初始時刻走步現(xiàn)象較嚴重 ,使得輪胎滑移率也產(chǎn)生激烈振蕩 ,進入穩(wěn)定滑跑后 ,走步現(xiàn)象很微弱。

圖 12　主起落架走步現(xiàn)象
Fig112　Velocity of main landing gear strut vibrating

4　結(jié)　論
(1)建立了飛機地面運動的六自由度模型 ,

(3)由于地面作用力的變化 ,彈性起落架在著陸和剎車的初始時刻存在較嚴重的走步現(xiàn)象。

(4)
采用滑移率控制的方法能使飛機在剎車過程中始終保持最佳剎車性能 ,提高剎車效率。

通過本文的工作 ,為大型飛機地面操縱動力學(xué)研究和飛機疲勞載荷譜的編制奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
參　考　文　獻
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[2]　Barnes A G, Yager TJ. Enhancement of aircraft ground han2 dling simulation capability[R]. AGARD2AG2333 , 1998.

[3]　Kapseong R. A description modeling and simulation of air2 craft2runway dynamics[R].AIAA 200321895 , 2003.

[4]　牟讓科 .飛機非對稱著陸和滑跑載荷分析 [J ].機械科學(xué)與技術(shù) ,2000 ,19 (增刊 ) :72274. Mu Rangke. Analysis of the asymmetric landing and taxi2 ing loads of aircraft[J ]. Mechanical Science and Technolo2 gy ,2000 ,19 (S) :72274. (in Chinese)

[5]　Pi W S, Yamane J R, Smith M J C. Generic aircraft groundoperation simulation[R]. AIAA 8620989 , 1986.

[6]　顧宏斌 .飛機地面運行的動力學(xué)模型 [J ].航空學(xué)報 , 2001 ,22 (2) :1632167. Gu Hongbin. Dynamic model of aircraft ground handling

[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2001,22
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[7]　李思政 .多輪多支柱起落架飛機滑跑響應(yīng)分析 [D].西安 :西北工業(yè)大學(xué) ,2006. Li Sizheng. Analysis of aircraft taxiing2induced response with

車系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 [J ].航空學(xué)報 ,2005 ,26 (1) :1162120. He Heng , Wu Ruixiang , Huang Weiming. Design of air2 craft antiskid brake system with ANN and FNN[J ]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ,2005 ,26 (1) :1162120. (in Chinese)
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[ 14 ]　鄒美英 .飛機防滑剎車系統(tǒng)新型控制律設(shè)計與仿真研究

[D].西安 :西北工業(yè)大學(xué) ,2005.
Zou Meiying. Study on design and simulation of new control
law of aircraft anti2skid braking system[D]. Xi’an :North2
western Polytechnical University ,2005. (in Chinese)

[15 ]　航空航天工業(yè)部科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會 .飛機起落架強度設(shè)計指南[M].成都 :四川科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 ,1989 :1742176. Committee of Aeronautics and Astronautics Industrial Ministry. Handbook of aircraft landing gear design of strength[M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Publishing Houseof Sci2 ence and Technology ,1989 :1742176. (in Chinese)

作者簡介 :張明 (1981 -)　男 ,博士研究生。主要研究方向 :飛機起落裝置設(shè)計、 CAD/ CA E輔助設(shè)計等。 Tel :025284892384 E2mail :zhm6196 @126. com
聶宏 (1960 -)　男 ,教授 ,博士生導(dǎo)師。主要研究方向 :飛機起落架裝置設(shè)計、結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞與斷裂、飛機起落架自適應(yīng)控制技術(shù)等。
Tel :025284892411 E2mail :hnie @nuaa. edu. cn (責任編輯 :李鐵柏 )

　　文章編號 :100026893 (2008) 0320757206

飛機制造大型工裝布局設(shè)計方法研究與實現(xiàn)

潘志毅 ,黃翔 ,李迎光 (南京航空航天大學(xué)機電學(xué)院 ,江蘇南京　 210016)
Research and Implementation of Method of Layout Design for Large Tooling in
Aircraft Manufacture

Pan Zhiyi , Huang Xiang , Li Yingguang
(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and
Astronautics , Nanjing　210016 , China)

摘　要
:飛機制造大型工裝是保證飛機產(chǎn)品協(xié)調(diào)互換和幾何參數(shù)的重要工藝裝備
,其研制工作量大 ,周期要求越來越短。目前 ,中國航空制造企業(yè)大型工裝設(shè)計和制造并行的需求十分迫切 ,且亟需計算機輔助概念設(shè)
元件級和工裝級

設(shè)計工具 ,在某型號飛機后機身裝配型架設(shè)計中應(yīng)用驗證 ,大大減少了設(shè)計迭代和返修率。關(guān)鍵詞 :布局設(shè)計 ;工藝裝備 ; CAD ;概念設(shè)計 ;骨架 ;裝配型架中圖分類號 : TH122;TP391　　　文獻標識碼 :A Abstract : Large tooling in aircraft manufacture is a mechanical product used to ensure the complex aircraft structure’s figure and coordination. The workload of its design and manufacture is huge , and the developing cycle desired becomes shorter and shorter. It is needed urgently to fulfill concurrent design and manufacture for large tooling , and develop computer2aided conceptual design software to support large tooling design as well. In the light of the research on layout design and the large tooling model quoting logical component , a layout de2 sign algorithm based on classification and evolution computation according to layout restriction is brought for2 ward. In this algorithm , rational situation of frame element is worked out by evolution computation of anchor2 point level , frame element level and tooling level in turn. Computer2aided conceptual design software related is developed and applied to latter2airframe assembly tooling design. It proves less design iteration and lower per2 centage of tooling sent back. Key words : layout design ; tooling ; CAD ; conceptual design ; frame ; assembly tooling
　
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