曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

(true); speed (KT) in two figures averaged over 10 minutes Weather
followed by maximum gusts (KT) in two figures when given. Report
VRB - wind direction METAR or
00000KT - calm SPECI
3. Visibility in metres. 9999 indicates a visibility of 10KM and
above.
4. Present weather reported in terms listed at page 134
5. Amount of cloud indicated by the following abbreviations:
• SKC or, if appropriate, CAVOK no cloud
• FEW 1 to 2 OKTAS
• SCT 3 to 4 OKTAS
• BKN 5 to 7 OKTAS
• OVC 8 OKTAS
• CB Cumulonimbus
• TCU Towering Cumulus
next 3 figures -height of the cloud-base above level of aerodrome
reference point given in hundreds of feet
(eg 200Ft - 002; 2,000FT - 020; 20,000FT - 200)
6. Dry Bulb and dew point temperature in whole degrees
Celsius. Negative values indicated by M before numeral.
Values between -9°C and + 9°C are given as M09 to 00 to 09
7. QNH reported in whole hectopascals
8. Plain language remarks may be added to describe significant
conditions in the vicinity of the aerodrome
9. NOSIG is used to indicate that no significant changes to The trend
METAR or SPECI conditions are expected to occur during
the three-hour validity period of the TTF
10. FM (time 1) indicates that significant mean conditions are Aerodrome
expected to commence at the time (time 1) and to persist Weather
until the end of the three (3) hour validity of the TTF or until Report
new mean conditions are specified. METAR or
SPECI
11. INTER (periods less than 30 minutes) and TEMPO (periods
less than 60 minutes) are given either as INTER/TEMPO
(time 2/time3) - in this case, intermittent or temporary
variations are expected to commence at (time 2) and to
end at (time 3)
145
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
PRE-FLIGHT PLANNING METEOROLOGY
09/2001
2
METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS
SECTION
TAKE-OFF AND LANDING REPORTS
Are provided at aerodromes where a control tower is established. This service may
also be provided by UNICOM, details of which can be obtained in ERSA.
Take-off and landing reports are included on ATIS, where available, or passed to
aircraft reporting taxiing or inbound. Take-off and landing reports contain, as available,
the following:
• wind velocity, with direction in degrees magnetic
• altimeter setting
• air temperature (if appropriate to the type of aircraft)
• low cloud, if significant
• visibility, if significant - in metres up to and including 5,000M, above this value in
KM. A visibility greater than 10KM is given as “VISIBILITY GREATER THAN 10KM”
• additional items, ie extent of cloud below the main ceiling, disposition and intensity
of rain, reported turbulence area, etc;
• CAVOK- when the following conditions are observed to occur simultaneously:
visibility of 10KM or more;
no cloud below 5,000FT or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever
is the greater, and no cumulonimbus;
no precipitation, thunderstorm, shallow fog, low drifting snow or dust devils.
When the term, CAVOK is used, the elements low cloud, visibility and additional
items will not be advised.
The meteorological information provided by AIR Traffic Controllers may be obtained by
observation of the whole horizon or only the area that will contain the probable flight
path of an aircraft. Reports based on AWS data will be limited to wind direction and
velocity, QNH and temperature, except when a qualified observer at the aerodrome
provides visually observed information.
APPROVED OBSERVERS
“Approved Observers” are officers of the BoM, Air Traffic Controllers, and other
persons on the ground approved for the purpose by the BoM and/or CASA.
For the purpose of observing visibility for take-off and landing at an aerodrome,
the pilot in command shall be deemed an approved observer for that flight.
OBSERVING POINT
The location of the observing point for the aerodrome weather reports is such that the
meteorological conditions observed within visual range, or interpreted from
instruments at that point, are representative of conditions at the aerodrome.
146
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
PRE-FLIGHT PLANNING METEOROLOGY
09/2001
2
METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS
SECTION
AIRCRAFT WEATHER REPORTS
The pilot in command of an aircraft is required to observe and report en route
meteorological conditions as prescribed in AIP GEN 3.5-15 and 3.5-21. For this
purpose, he/she is deemed an approved observer.
In addition to requirements for special AIREP reports concerning MET conditions likely
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：VFR Flight Guide(130)