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AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION
236
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
CLEARANCES
SECTION
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
The types of operations and services available for a particular airspace are
categorised in the following table:
Class of Airspace Operations and Services
Class C Controlled airspace at and below FL285 excluding airspace designated
as Class D or Class E and thoes control zones inwhich GAAP are used.
(see also para 3.3.3 for flight in military Restricted areas)
Class D IFR and VFR flights are permitted, and all flights are subject to ATC
clearance. IFR flights are separated from other IFR flights. IFR flights
receive a separation service in respect of VFR flights. VFR flights
receive traffic information in respect of other VFR flights.
A separation service is a controlled condition whereby a separation
standard need not be applied between IFR and VFR aircraft.
Class E IFR and VFR flights are permitted. IFR flights are subject to ATC
clearance. IFR flights are separated from other IFR flights. IFR flights
receive traffic information on known VFR flights as far as practicable
Class G IFR and VFR flights are permitted, and receive flight information service if
requested.
GAAP IFR and VFR flights are permitted. Operations are conducted in
Control Zones accordance with published general aviation aerodrome procedures.
PROVISION OF SEPARATION IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
(Excluding GAAP CTRs)
GENERAL PROVISIONS
In Class C airspace, ATC shall provide separation as follows:
• between IFR flights;
• between IFR and VFR flights;
• between IFR and special VFR flights; and
• between special VFR flights when the visibility is less than VMC.
Additionally, in Class C and Class D airspace:
• at controlled aerodromes appropriate runway separation is applied to all aircraft; and
• ATC provides VFR flights with traffic information on other VFR flights.
Furthermore, when requested, and as far as is practicable, ATC will provide VFR flights
in Class C airspace with a suggested course of action to avoid other VFR flights.
Nothing in this provision changes the responsibility of the pilot in command to
see and avoid other aircraft. (CAR 163A).
237
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
CLEARANCES
SECTION
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
SEPARATION
SECTION
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
SPECIAL PROVISIONS
Notwithstanding the general provisions of the previous paragraghs:
• the separation of aircraft taxiing on the manoeuvering area (which does not include
apron and parking areas) is a joint pilot and controller responsibility. The pilot must
maintain separation while complying with clearances and instructions;
• in the traffic circuit, pilots are required to position their aircraft in such a manner
that, while complying with clearances and instructions from ATC, they maintain the
necessary separation from other traffic;
• separation is not normally provided within a training area in controlled airspace;
• under certain conditions, the pilot of one aircraft may be given the responsibility for
separation with other aircraft. In this circumstance:
a. the pilot is also responsible for the provision of wake turbulence separation, except
that ATC is responsible for wake turbulance separation, between landing aircraft;
b. the pilot must advice ATC when he/she is unable to maintain, or has lost, sight of
the other aircraft;
c. where an aircraft has been instructed to maintain seperation from, but not follow, an
IFR aircraft, ATC will issue traffic infomation to the pilot of the IFR aircraft, including
advice that resposibility for separation has been assigned to the other aircraft
• aircraft flying in formation or as part of an in-company flight will not be provided
with separation with respect to other aircraft of the same formation
or in-company flight. Formation and in-company flights may be conducted subject to
pre-arrangement between the pilots concerned and, where applicable, notification of
the formation or in-company flight to air traffic control
SERVICES
• CLEARANCE DELIVERY: used by the Airways Clearance Delivery (ACD) service when
established on a discrete frequency.
• GROUND: used by Surface Movement Control and Apron service (if provided by
ATC) when established on a discrete frequency. At some locations this service also
provides the Airways Clearance Delivery service on the same frequency.
• TOWER: The following services use this identification: Aerodrome Control;
　
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