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titled "FSD1—Operational Standards and Requirements—Approved Flight
Simulators" and FSD2—Operational Standards and Requirements—Approved
Synthetic Trainers" that are published by CASA.
8. In this regulation:
appropriate person means:
A. an authorised flight instructor who holds a grade of flight instructor (helicopter)
rating that authorises him or her to conduct flight reviews in helicopters; or
B. an approved testing officer; or
C. a CASA flying operations inspector.
CAR 5.92 PRIVATE (HELICOPTER) PILOT: RECENT EXPERIENCE
REQUIREMENTS
1. A private (helicopter) pilot must not fly a helicopter as pilot in command if the
helicopter is carrying any other person unless:
A. if the flight is undertaken in daylight—the pilot has, within the period of
90 days immediately before the day of the proposed flight, carried out at
least 3 circuits while flying a helicopter as pilot in command or as pilot
acting in command under supervision or in dual flying; and
B. if the flight is undertaken at night—the pilot has, within the period of 90
days immediately before the day of the proposed flight, carried out at
least 3 circuits at night while flying a helicopter as pilot in command or
as pilot acting in command under supervision or in dual flying.
Note: Under regulation 5.40, a person must not fly as pilot acting in command under
supervision unless he or she holds a commercial pilot licence or an air transport
pilot licence.
304
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3 SECTION
HELICOPTER
RECENT EXPERIENCE
2. For the purposes of this regulation, a person carries out a circuit while flying a
helicopter if the person:
A. takes-off in the helicopter from an aerodrome; and
B. flies the helicopter around the aerodrome in accordance with the traffic
pattern for the aerodrome; and
C. lands the helicopter at the aerodrome.
3. In this regulation:
aerodrome means a place that aircraft may land at, or take off from, in accordance
with regulation 92.
305
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3 SECTION
HELICOPTER
RECENT EXPERIENCE
MEANING OF ‘HOT REFUELLING’ (CAO 20.10)
In this section, ‘hot refuelling’ means the refuelling of a helicopter with its engine or
engines running.
Hot refuelling of a helicopter may take place with its rotor or rotors rotating.
Hot refuelling of a helicopter must not be carried out unless authorised by its operator.
The operator of a helicopter who authorises hot refuelling of that helicopter must
include in the operations manual:
• the operational circumstances in which hot refuelling may
take place; and
• the procedures to be followed during hot refuelling; and
• the requirements and instructions, if any, set out in the helicopter's flight manual
that relate to hot refuelling; and
• if applicable, the instructions to ensure fuel quality as required for the purposes of
CAO 20.10 subparagraph 7.2 (b).
As hot refuelling requires the compliance with an operations manual, this is generally
a commercial operation and therefore will not be covered in this document.
INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED FOR VISUAL FLIGHT RULES
OPERATIONS (CAO 20.18)
1. The flight and navigation instruments required are:
• an airspeed indicating system;
• a pressure altimeter with a readily adjustable pressure datum setting scale graduated
in millibars;
• (i) a direct reading magnetic compass; or
(ii) a remote indicating magnetic compass and a standby direct reading magnetic
compass; and
• an accurate timepiece indicating hours, minutes and seconds. This may be carried
on the person of the pilot or navigator.
2. In addition to the instruments required under paragraph 1, helicopters engaged in
regular public transport, charter or aerial work operations and operating under the
Visual Flight Rules, shall be equipped with:
• a slip indicator; and
• an outside air temperature indicator when operating from or to a location at
which ambient air temperature is not available from ground-based instruments.
306
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3 SECTION
HELICOPTER
HOT REFUELLING
SPECIAL VFR
By day, when VMC does not exist, the ATC unit responsible for a CTR may authorise,
at pilot request, a Special VFR flight in the CTR, or in a CTA next to the CTR for the
purpose of entering or leaving the CTR, provided
A. the Special VFR flight will not unduly delay an IFR flight;
　
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