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DESCEND) TO) (level) VISUAL.
Pilots being radar vectored will be routinely advised of their position to enable pilot
navigation in the event of radio or radar failure.
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ATC RADAR SERVICES
The interval between ATC transmissions will be kept short to enable the pilot to
quickly recognise a communication failure. When aircraft are on headings that could
infringe terrain clearance or separation standards, the intervals between transmissions
will not exceed 30 seconds.
Before take-off, ATC may indicate a requirement for a departing aircraft to assume
a heading after take-off, followed by frequency change instructions if appropriate.
Radar headings, other than those assigned for a Standard Radar Departure (SRD),
will only be issued for a visual departure by day in VMC.
Arriving aircraft may be radar vectored to:
• establish for a radar or pilot-interpreted approach;
• a position from which a visual approach can be made;
• avoid areas of hazardous weather or severe turbulence;
• expedite traffic flow or conform to noise abatement requirements.
HOLDING
A pilot in command cleared to a point for which there is an approved holding pattern
must hold that pattern until further cleared. Where a delay of more than five minutes
is expected, ATC will advise:
• in a radar environment, an expected landing time; and
• in a procedural environment, an expected approach time.
A pilot in command required to hold in an approach sequence must advise ATC of the
latest divert time, when operationally necessary.
When an aircraft is holding because airspace is closed or weather conditions are worse
that the prescribed landing minima, ATC will nominate scheduled reporting times.
These times will normally be at 15 minute intervals.
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ATC RADAR SERVICES
NON-CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
FLIGHT INFORMATION AREAS
Non-controlled airspace in Australia is classified as Class G airspace.
Outside controlled airspace certain airspaces facilitate the provision of a Flight
Information Services (FIS). These airspaces are designated as Flight Information Areas
(FIAs) which are airspaces within which flight information and SAR alerting services
are provided by an ATS unit.
Interpilot Air-toAir Communication
In accordance with regional agreements, 123.45MHZ is designated as the air-to-air VHF
communications channel. Use of this channel will enable aircraft engaged in flights
over remote and oceanic areass out of range of VHFground stations to exchange
necessary operational information and to facilitate the resolution of operational
problems.
AERODROME FREQUENCY RESPONSE UNIT
To assist pilots’ awareness of inadvertent section of an incorrect VHF frequency when
operating into non-controlled aerodromes, a device known as an Aerodrome Frequency
Response Unit (AFRU) may be installed. An AFRU will provide an automatic response
when pilots transmit on the traffic frequency for the aerodrome at which it is installed.
The features of the AFRU are as follows:
a. When the aerodrome traffic frequency has not been used for the past five minutes,
the next transmissions over two (2) seconds long will cause a voice identification to be
tranmitted in response, eg, “GOULBURN CTAF”.
b. When the aerodrome traffic frequency has been used within the previous five (5)
minutes, a 300 millisecond tone will be generated after each transission over two (2)
seconds long.
A series of three (3) microphone clicks within a period of five (5) seconds will also
cause the AFRU to transmit a voice identification for the particular aerodrome.
In the event that the transmitter in the AFRU becomes jammed for a period of greater
than one minute, the unit will automatically shut down.
The operation of the AFRU provides additional safety enhancements by confirming the
operation of the aircraft’s transmitter and receiver, the volume setting, and that the
pilot has selected the correct frequency for use at that aerodrome.
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CAGRS
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GENERAL INFORMATION
CERTIFIED AIR/GROUND RADIO SERVICE
A Certified Air/Ground Radio Service is an aerodrome-based radio information service,
which may operate at non-controlled aerodromes. The service is a safety
　
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