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case may be;
D. make all turns to the left when approaching for a landing or after takingoff,
unless:
- CASA has directed otherwise for a particular aerodrome; or
- Air Traffic Control directs otherwise, either by radio, visual signal
or signals displayed in the signal square;
E. land and take-off, in so far as practicable, into the wind unless Air Traffic
Control directs otherwise;
F. before landing, descend in a straight line commencing at such a distance
from the perimeter of an aerodrome as is common to the ordinary course
of navigation for the aircraft type concerned, the commencement of that
straight line not being nearer the perimeter of an aerodrome than 500
metres; and
G. after take-off, not alter heading from the take-off heading at a height
less than 500 feet above the terrain unless Air Traffic Control directs the
alteration or unless the alteration is necessary due to the terrain.
• The provisions of paragraph (C) do not apply to an aircraft conducting an instrument
approach in I.M.C. if the instrument approach procedure requires the aircraft to join
the pattern of traffic at any other point.
82
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
GENERAL
09/2001
1
AERODROMES
SECTION
RULES OF THE AIR
• The pilot in command of an aircraft that is being operated on or in the vicinity of an
aerodrome shall not take the aircraft off from, or land the aircraft on, a part of the
aerodrome outside the landing area of the aerodrome.
PROCEDURE AT CONTROLLED AERODROMES (CAR 167)
Where aerodrome control is in operation at an aerodrome, the pilot in command of an
aircraft forming part of the aerodrome traffic shall:
• maintain a continuous listening watch on the radio frequency authorised for
communications with aerodrome control service, or, if this is not possible, keep a
watch for instructions which may be issued by visual signals; and
• obtain, either by radio or visual signals, prior authorisation for any manoeuvre
preparatory to or associated with taxi-ing, landing or taking-off.
AERODROMES AT WHICH THE OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT IS NOT
RESTRICTED TO RUNWAYS
The rules to be followed by aircraft operation at such aerodromes can be found in
CAR 168
83
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
GENERAL
09/2001
1
AERODROMES
SECTION
RULES OF THE AIR
84
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
GENERAL
09/2001
1
LIGHT SIGNALS
SECTION
RULES OF THE AIR
LIGHT SIGNALS
ON GROUND IN FLIGHT
Authorised to TAKE-OFF
if pilot is satisfied that
no collision risk exists
Authorised to LAND
if pilot is satisfied that
no collision risk exists
RETURN for landing
GIVE WAY
to other aircraft
CONTINUE CIRCLING
DO NOT LAND
Aerodrome unsafe
Authorised to TAXI if
pilot is satisfied that
no collision risk exists
Return to starting
point on aerodrome
TAXI CLEAR OF
LANDING AREA in use
STOP
SYMBOLS NEAR WIND DIRECTION INDICATOR
AERODROME
UNSERVICEABLE
GLIDING
OPERATIONS
IN PROGRESS
OPERATIONS ARE CONFINED
TO HARD SURFACE
RUNWAYS, APRONS AND
TAXIWAYS ONLY
85
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
GENERAL
09/2001
1
GROUND SIGNALS
SECTION
AERODROME MARKINGS
BOUNDARY MARKERS
UNSERVICEABLE MARKER
86
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
GENERAL
09/2001
1
T - VASIS
SECTION
AERODROME MARKINGS
WHITE RED
VERY HIGH
T - VASIS
HIGH
SLIGHTLY HIGH
ON GLIDE SLOPE
VERY LOW
LOW
SLIGHTLY LOW
87
TOO HIGH (MORE THAN 3.5°)
WHITE
PAPI
RED
SLIGHTLY HIGH (MORE THAN 3.3°)
ON CORRECT APPROACH PATH (3°)
SLIGHTLY LOW (APPROX. 2.7°) TOO LOW (LESS THAN 2.5°)
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
GENERAL
09/2001
1
PAPI
SECTION
AERODROME MARKINGS
88
PIANO KEY AND RUNWAY
DESIGNATION NUMBER
MARKINGS OBLITERATED
COMMENCEMENT OF TODA
COMMENCEMENT OF LDA
TEMPORARILY RELOCATED
RUNWAY DESIGNATION
MARKING (WHITE)
TEMPORARILY DISPLACED
TRESHOLD MARKING (WHITE)
60M
CLEAR APPROACH SURFACE
ARROWS LEADING
TO DISPLACED
THRESHOLD (WHITE)
MARKINGS FOR A TEMPORARILY DISPLACED THRESHOLD DUE TO
OBSTACLE INFRINGEMENT OF THE APPROACH PATH FOR A PERIOD
IN EXCESS OF 30 DAYS
NSERVICEABILITY
ARKERS
PIANO KEY, RUNWAY
DESIGNATION NUMBER
　
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