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When thunderstorms of their associated severe turbulence or their probability is forecast
at the destination, sufficient additional fuel must be carried to permit the aircraft to
proceed to a suitable alternate or to hold for:
• 30 minutes when the forecast is endorsed INTER; or
• 60 minutes when the forecast is endorsed TEMPO
When TAFs include a FM period, during which time an operational requirement will
either become effective or be removed, the timing for the change in operational
requirement is as follows:
• When the weather during the FM period is forecast to create an operational
requirement, that operational requirement will become effective 30 minutes before
the onset of the FM period.
• When the weather during the FM period is forecast to remove an operational
requirement, that operational requirement will remain effective until 30 minutes after
the onset of the FM period.
The additional fuel required by the above paragraphs must be carried when the ETA of
the aircraft at its destination or alternate falls within the period of 30 minutes before
the forecast commencement time to 30 minutes after the expected time of cessation of
these deteriorations.
Due to the continuous weather watch provided by TTF, the 30 minute buffers required
by the above paragraphs do not apply. Flights which will be completed within the time
of validity of the TTF may be planned wholly with reference to the destination TTF.
154
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
PRE-FLIGHT PLANNING ALTERNATE
AERODROMES
09/2001
2
WEATHER CONDITIONS
SECTION
TTF may have either one visibility or two visibilities included in the report. Operational
requirements will apply when:
• the sole visibility is less than the alternate minimum; or
• the higher visibility is less than the alternate minimum.
Flights which cannot use TTF will plan the fight on the current TAF until such time as
the destination ETA falls within the validity periods of a TTF.
For flight by aeroplanes under the VFR (day or night) and helicopters operating under
the VFR at night, the alternate minima are a ceiling of 1,500 FT and a visibility of 8KM.
For VFR helicopter operations by day, the alternate minima are the same as for night
(above) unless the additional conditions specified on page 154 are met. When these
additional conditions are met, the alternate requirements are as shown on page 154.
A flight permitted to operate under the VFR at night (see page 187) must provide for
an alternate aerodrome within one (1) hour’s flight time of the destination unless the
destination is served by a radio navigation aid (NDB/VOR) and the aircraft is fitted with
the appropriate radio navigation system capable of using the aid, The alternate
aerodrome must be served by a radio navigation aid. (NDB/VOR) which the aircraft is
equipped to use.
155
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
PRE-FLIGHT PLANNING ALTERNATE
AERODROMES
09/2001
2
WEATHER CONDITIONS
SECTION
NOTAM
There are 3 types of NOTAM’s available to pilots in Australia. They are Head Office
NOTAM, FIR NOTAM, and Location NOTAM.
NOTAM provide information that is of direct operational significance which may
immediately affect aircraft operations. A NOTAM is issued in a format containing fields
(A) to (G) as follows:
A. Location identification, NOTAM number, subject reported, day/time of issue.
(For details of NOTAM numbering for both domestic and international Australian
NOTAM, refer to paragraphs below).
B. Time of commencement of information contained in Field E.
or
Time of publication where prior notification is required. In this case, Field E
commences with “WEF… (date/time)…”.
This date/time will then reflect the actual commencement time of the NOTAM
information.
C. Time of cessation of information.
D. Times of periods of activity.
E. Plain language text (ICAO codes are used in international NOTAMS).
F. Lower limit.
G. Upper limit.
In the domestic environment, NOTAM numbering is preceded by the letter “C”
followed by the year; eg BRISBANE (YBBN) C22/94
For each location, a separate series of numbers is issued; thus the NOTAM is identified
by both the location and the number, not the number alone.
In the international environment, Australia issues NOTAM against a series of register.
These registers are by individual FIRs, multiple FIRs, or Australian General. The series
identifiers are as follows:
Brisbane FIR N
Melbourne FIR S
Australia General FIR G
A Preflight information service is provided from offices located in Brisbane and
　
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